Kev tsim cov mis nyuj haus, pasteurized, reconstituted, sterilized mis nyuj

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Haus mis nyuj yog ib yam khoom siv niaj hnub no. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia. Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho cua sov siv, ntau yam khoom sib txawv yog qhov txawv. Txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv.

kev xaiv ua tiav

Kev haus mis nyuj hauv tebchaws Russia yog ua tiav los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev thermal. Nyob ntawm qhov no, cov khoom lag luam hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

• pasteurized mis nyuj.
• Ghee.
• Sterilized.
• UHT - processed.
• UHT - processed sterilized.

Qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev ua haujlwm tseem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom zoo li no: saj, khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, lub neej txee.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev haus mis nyuj haus tsis tas yuav xaus. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus rog, cov khoom thiab cov khoom qab zib hauv cov khoom kawg, lawv paub qhov txawv:

• tag nrho mis.
• Nco ntsoov.
• High fat content.
• Remanufactured (Powder).

Bhaus mis nyuj nrog ntau yam additives yuav txawv raws li ib tug cais pawg: nrog kas fes, nrog cocoa thiab lwm yam.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntim khoom thiab ntim khoom uas cov khoom no tau muag. Mis mus muag hauv cov thawv thauj khoom, hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov dej haus, hauv cov pob me me.

Ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog GOST haus cov kua mis teev cov qauv rau organoleptic, huv huv, ntsuas lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Rau txhua hom khoom, nws tus kheej cov qauv tau tsim thiab tsim. Tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv lub sijhawm thaum lawv tso tawm.

Cov kev xav tau raws li GOST, physicochemical thiab organoleptic qauv

Raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm GOST 31450-2013, haus mis nyuj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:

• Cov khoom muag. Nws yog opaque kua. Rau cov mis nyuj uas muaj roj ntau dua 4.7%, kev tso cai me me ntawm cov rog. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum nplawm, nws yuav tsum tau ploj mus.
• Qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum yog kua, tsis khov, me ntsis viscos. Cov nqaij rog, cov pob txha protein thiab lwm cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem lees txais.
• Kev haus mis nyuj raws li GOST 31450-2013 yuav tsum muaj tus cwj pwm tsw thiab saj rau cov khoom no. Tsuas yog ib qho me ntsis tom qab boiling yog tso cai. Yog hais tias cov mis nyuj yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom ci los yog sterilized, ces lub saj ntawm boiling yuav tsum tau hais nyob rau hauv nws.
• Raws li xim, nws yuav tsum yogdawb. Rau skimmed mis nyuj, tso cai rau ib tug bluish tint, lub teeb cream rau sterilized, thiab cream rau ci mis nyuj.

Specifications GOST 31450-2013 rau haus mis nyuj teev cov qauv rau nws lub cev thiab tshuaj tsis haum, uas peb tau kos kom yooj yim rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub rooj.

Npe ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tus yam ntxwv	Parameter tus nqi
Density ntsuas kg/m3	Los ntawm 1024 (rau cov mis nyuj muaj rog) txog 1030 (rau cov mis nyuj skim)
Ntau feem ntawm cov protein hauv % (tsis tsawg dua)	3,0
Tus acidity parameter yog ntsuas hauv °T (tsis muaj ntxiv)	21 rau txhua yam khoom uas muaj feem ntau ntawm cov rog, tshwj tsis yog 4, 7; tsib caug; 5, 5; 6.0; 6, 5; 7.0; 7, 2; 7, 5; 8.0; 8, 5; 9.0; 9, 5. Rau cov ntsiab lus rog no, cov acidity Performance index yog 20.
Tso cai ntau feem ntawm skimmed qhuav cov kua mis residue hauv% (tsis tsawg dua)	8, 2
Rau pasteurized, ghee lossis UHT cov khoom tsis muaj aseptic filling - phosphatase lossis peroxidase raug tso tawm	Tsis pub
Purity Group	Tsis qis dua thawj
Ib qho ntsuas kub ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam thaum lub sijhawm kawg ntawm nws cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam, ° С: rau pasteurized, melted, ultra-pasteurized (tsis muaj aseptic filling)	4 ± 2 degrees
Tib qhov parameterkub, tab sis nrog aseptic filling, rau sterilized mis nyuj	ntawm 2 txog 25 degrees suav nrog

Rau cov ntaub ntawv raw raws li tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv

GOST haus mis nyuj tswj cov khoom siv raw khoom siv rau kev tsim cov mis nyuj sib txawv. Yog li, rau kev tsim khoom ntawm pasteurized thiab ci khoom siv:

• yuav nyuj nyoos.
• Kream.
• YKim mis nyuj.
• Buttermilk, uas yuav tsum tau los ntawm kev tsim cov kua nplaum qab zib.

GOST 31450-2013 kuj tseem tswj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw rau cov khoom xws li cov khoom tsis huv thiab ultra-pasteurized.

nyuj cov kua mis yog siv ntawm no, tab sis nws cov acidity yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 18 ° T, cov ntsiab lus ntawm somatic hlwb nyob rau hauv cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 500 txhiab / cm 3, thiab cua sov. kev tiv thaiv raws li kev ntsuas cawv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog Qeb 3.

skim mis thiab cream kuj siv rau kev tsim khoom. Buttermilk kuj suav nrog, tab sis cov acidity ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 17 ° T.

Pib txheej txheem tsim khoom

Kev tsim cov kua mis raws li kev qhia tshwj xeeb yuav tsum pib nrog kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv raw zoo. Txoj haujlwm no yog ua los ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb. Yog tias muaj cov lus pom zoo, cov khoom siv raw tau tso cai rau kev siv ntxiv. Kev lees txais cov mis nyuj thiab lwm yam khoom tsim nyog yog ua raws lipawg. Cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab txias rau qhov kub ntawm 4 txog 6 degrees Celsius. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom qub (cov mis nyuj, qab zib) yuav tsum tau muab cais thiab khaws cia hauv txoj hauv kev kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom lag luam tas li.

Ntxiv mus, raws li daim ntawv 31450-2014, cov kua mis uas xaiv tau zoo yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj roj tsawg. Qhov xav tau sib xws yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv (sib xyaw) lossis xaiv ib feem ntawm cov qab zib. Txhua txoj haujlwm tau tshaj tawm.

Txoj kev ntawm normalizing rog cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev sib xyaw yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj heev. Nyob ntawm qhov kawg tshwm sim, tag nrho cov mis nyuj yuav ntxiv:

• Fat-free yog tias tag nrho yuav rog dhau.
• Cream, yog tias cov ntsiab lus roj ntawm tag nrho cov mis nyuj tsis zoo rau cov kev cai ntawm cov mis nyuj.

txhawm rau xam qhov pes tsawg ntawm cov khoom ntxiv uas xav tau rau kev sib xyaw, siv lub tshuab cais - lub nplaum nplaum. Ib feem ntawm cov mis nyuj sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv no. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem no, buttermilk yuav siv tau, tus nqi ntawm uas yuav tsis pub tshaj 70% ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm cov khoom uas tsis yog-rog siv rau lub tom ntej normalization ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Ob yam no tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau cov mis nyuj tag nrho, tab sis tus nqi ntawm buttermilk nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 70%.

Normalization process

Kev tsim cov mis nyuj haus raws li GOST specifications suav nrogtxheej txheem hu ua normalization.

Cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav hauv cov kwj deg, thiab cov kab ke hauv qab no yog siv rau hauv nws: cais-normalizer-ntsev mis. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kev tswj hwm no, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom huv si ib txhij thiab normalize tag nrho cov mis nyuj nkag mus rau lub tshuab cais tawm los ntawm kev tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag pasteurization txias. Qhov kub ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum yog 45-60 degrees Celsius, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv nyob ntawm seb qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub installation nws tus kheej.

txheej txheem no tsim cov kua qab zib, uas tau muab cais tawm, thiab cov kua mis ib txwm muaj. Tom qab cov kauj ruam tau piav qhia saum toj no, nws yuav dhau mus homogenization thiab rov qab mus rau ntu pasteurization. Raws li GOST 31450-2013 thiab specifications, haus mis nyuj yog homogenized los txhim kho saj. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom lag luam nrog cov ntsiab lus rog ntawm 3.5%, thiab nws tseem pom zoo kom nqa tawm rau cov khoom lag luam nrog cov ntsiab lus roj ntawm 1%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.2%. Cov txheej txheem no tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau saj. Txawm li cas los xij, homogenization cuam tshuam rau viscosity ntawm cov khoom xyaw. Yog li ntawd, qhov saj ntawm cov khoom kawg kuj hloov.

Kev ntxuav thiab ua raws cov txheej txheem tom qab homogenization

Kev haus cov mis nyuj raws li GOST 31450-2013, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm uas tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv no, yuav tsum tau mus rau theem ua kom huv. Nws yog ua nyob rau hauv centrifugal cov kua mis ntxuav. Cov theem no yog tsim nyog thiab tsis nyob ntawm seb cov mis nyuj normalized. Kev ntxuav yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias40-45 ° C. Tam sim ntawd tom qab no, cov khoom raug xa mus rau homogenization nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm 12 ± 2.5 MPa. Qhov kub ntawm qhov txheej txheem no yog khaws cia ntawm 45 degrees Celsius. Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm GOST 31450 rau haus cov mis nyuj, nws raug tso cai ua cov txheej txheem homogenization ntawm pasteurization kub.

khoom bottling

Pasteurized haus mis nyuj yog tau los ntawm kev tuav li 15-20 vib nas this nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 76 ± 2 degrees Celsius. Feem ntau, lub phaj pasteurization thiab chav txias yog siv rau cov txheej txheem no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem sib txawv, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov khoom noj. Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv yooj yim ntawm cov phaj pasteurization thiab cov cua txias yog lub peev xwm los sau cov ntsuas kub, uas qhia txog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov pasteurization tau ua.

Qhov haujlwm no tso cai rau koj los saib xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Cov ntsuas kub yog khaws cia rau ib xyoos txij li hnub tso tawm.

Kev tsim cov mis nyuj haus muaj kev siv cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg. Yog li, hauv hom tsis siv neeg, qhov ntsuas kub pasteurization yog tswj thiab hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej no tau nruab nrog lub kaw lus kaw thiab lub kaw lus valve. Cov ntsiab lus no tsis tso cai rau cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj pleev ib ce tawm hauv cov nroj tsuag. Yog tias cov txheej txheem tsis ua tiav, cov kua mis raug cais tawm mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb nruab nrab (sib npaug)tank. Nws yuav raug xa rov qab mus rau lub tsev pasteurization nrog cov khoom tshiab ntawm cov khoom nyoos.

Tom qab dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem no thiab tom qab txias rau 6 degrees Celsius, cov kua mis tiav nkag rau hauv lub raj mis thiab capping lossis hauv lub tank nruab nrab. Nws raug tso cai khaws cov khoom rau 6 teev. Qee zaum, nws tshwm sim vim qhov kev xav tau ntau lawm, mis nyuj khaws cia ntev dua. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau rov pasteurized ua ntej lub raj mis thiab capping. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom no raug txo los ntawm lub sijhawm uas nws nyob hauv lub thawv nruab nrab tom qab 6 teev.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm, mis nyuj muaj vitamin C me ntsis. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom lag luam nrog vitamin C, cov mis nyuj muaj zog yog tsim. Nws yog me ntsis kim tshaj li niaj zaus, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv siab thov. Lwm qeb cais yog haus mis UHT. Cov khoom no yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov kub thiab txias rau nws cov txheej txheem yog khaws cia txawm tias siab dua rau cov mis nyuj zoo tib yam. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam kab mob muaj sia tuag nyob hauv nws. Vim li no, nws feem ntau hu ua sterilized.

Baked and reconstituted milk

kom tau cov mis nyuj ci, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua hauv lub tank tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, tubular pasteurizers yog siv. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom sov lub feedstock mus txogkub 95-98 ℃.

Nws yog tom qab cua sov thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv tshwj xeeb rau cua sov uas cov mis nyuj khaws cia rau ib lub sijhawm. 3-4 teev yog xav tau rau cov khoom uas muaj roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm 4 thiab 6%, thiab 4-5 teev rau cov khoom uas muaj roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm 1%. Cov khoom siv roj tsawg yog hnub nyoog rau tib lub sijhawm kom nws tau txais lub ntsej muag creamy. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ib qho feature - tom qab txias cov mis nyuj ci, nws cov xim yuav ntau saturated, uas yog, tsaus.

Thaum lub sijhawm tso dej hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom cov khoom ua ntu zus. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj cov tsos ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab sedimentation ntawm cov rog.

Cov kua mis npaj tau txias rau 8 degrees Celsius thiab ntim rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom ntim. Tom qab ntawd nws yog txias rau 4-6 degrees Celsius nyob rau hauv lub tub yees. Lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab muag tom qab kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis yog 36 teev, suav nrog lub sijhawm khaws cia hauv kev tsim khoom, uas tsis pub dhau 18 teev.

Cov kua mis rov tsim dua thiab tsim tawm nyias. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg ntawm no tias cov khoom siv raw hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv rau nws cov khoom:

• tag nrho mis.
• tag nrho qhuav.

Tus kawg version kuj siv buttermilk qhuav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias cov khoom zoo li no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov organoleptic, physicochemical, huv thiab huv cov qauv yuav tsum tsis txhob sib txawv nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev ntawm ib txwm ib txwm. Kev tsim cov mis nyuj no, raws li txoj cai, yog siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas huab cua tsis pub muaj kev yug me nyuam thiab khaws nyuj.

Ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom xyaw qhuav

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab nws cov kab ke hauv kev tsim cov mis nyuj los ntawm cov khoom xyaw qhuav yog yuav luag tsis txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv raw. Qhov sib txawv nkaus xwb thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog nws qhov kev npaj, uas yog, kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom qhuav.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv raw zoo thiab nws qhov kev lees paub yog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov solubility ntawm cov hmoov, nrog rau nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Hauv kev tsim cov kua mis pasteurized los ntawm cov khoom xyaw qhuav, lawv yuav tsum yog cov khoom zoo. Tau txais lawv los ntawm kev txau.

Txhua cov ntaub ntawv nyoos qhuav npaj rau rov qab yuav tsum tau sieved. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog yaj nyob rau hauv kub (45-60 degrees Celsius) cov dej haus uas zoo tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov txheej txheem rov qab, cov chav tshwj xeeb nrog kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm feem ntau yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd cov kev npaj sib tov tsis tig tawm mus rau acidic heev, nws yuav tsum tau txias tam sim ntawd tom qab kev npaj rau 5-8 degrees Celsius.

Qhov kub no, cov khoom khaws cia rau 3 mus rau 4 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov proteins swell, dej saj yog tshem tawm, thiab qhov xav tau ceev yog tiav. Qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev laus yog teem los ntawm qhov ntom ntawm cov mis nyuj ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20 degrees Celsius. Tom qab ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nqa tawm. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov khoom lag luam yog normalized rau tus nqi xav tau.

Mis nrog additives

Hnub no, kev lag luam khoom noj siv mis tau txhim kho zoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tsim khoomib yam khoom uas paub txog txhua leej txhua tus, tuam txhab uas muag tau koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov mis nyuj nrog ntau yam tshwj xeeb additives. Nws tuaj yeem yog qab zib, kas fes, cocoa, txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog tias kas fes lossis cocoa siv los ua ib qho ntxiv, ces cov mis nyuj yog tsim raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb TU 10-02-02-789-11-89.

Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam no zoo ib yam li kev tsim cov khoom lag luam pasteurized, tab sis nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv rau cov khoom xyaw. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kho me ntsis hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov qauv tsim.

Zoo kawg

Txhua mis nyuj xav tau kev tswj xyuas kom zoo. Nws yog nqa tawm thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, nrog rau tom qab nws ua tiav. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua qhov kev kuaj xyuas yeej ib txwm nkag mus rau hauv chav kuaj tshwj xeeb tswj cav. Tom qab ntawd, ib daim ntawv pov thawj tshwj xeeb raug muab rau txhua pawg, tso cai rau nws siv. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem yuav mis nyuj khov hauv khw muag khoom hauv khw muag khoom. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub tseeb tias hnub tas sij hawm teev tseg ntawm txhua pob tsis raug ua txhaum cai.

Peb tau paub txog kev tsim cov mis nyuj txhua yam li cas tam sim no.