Yuav ua li cas xaiv liab caw? Subtleties ntawm kev xaiv, cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Hnub yug, xyoo tshiab, kab tshoob lossis tsuas yog kev lom zem sib sau ua ke nrog phooj ywg? Tom qab ntawd peb mus rau lub khw thiab tsis kam lees nrog cov npe khoom noj ntawm lub txee nrog cov dej cawv. Peb txoj hauj lwm yog xaiv ib lub caw liab zoo. Txawv txawv raws li nws yuav zoo li, tab sis feem coob ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom nruab nrab yuav nyiam lub raj mis nrog daim ntawv lo zoo nkauj thiab cov npe txawv teb chaws, lossis, txawm tias phem dua, coj cov khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau tsis muaj dab tsi zoo tom qab qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub raj mis.

Hmoov tsis zoo, niaj hnub no ntau tus ntseeg tias xaiv cawv liab yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb tag nrho uas tsuas yog cov kws tshaj lij - sommeliers tuaj yeem nkag siab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum paub ob peb qhov tseeb kom yooj yim teb cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas xaiv ib lub caw liab zoo.

Ua ntej peb pib tshuaj xyuas cov ntsuas ntawm cov cawv liab zoo, cia peb tham txog nws cov khoom, cov txiaj ntsig thiab keeb kwm me ntsis.

keeb kwm ntawm cawv liab

Caw, zoo li tsis muaj lwm yam dej haus, ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb thoob ntiaj teb txog leej twg yog nws tus neeg tsim khoom. Txhua lub teb chaws yav qab teb tau lees tias nws nyob hauv nws thaj chaw uas cawv tau yug los thawj zaug. Muaj ntau ntau cov lus dab neeg thiab cov lus piv txwv uas koj tuaj yeem pom lub hauv paus ntawm cov dej haus no thaum ub: ancient Egyptian, Greek Greek, Roman, Phoenician, German, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib qho kev xav tsis muaj pov thawj.

Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm hnub tim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cawv ib puag ncig 5-4 txhiab xyoo BC. Cov seem ntawm cov lauj kaub tais diav nrog cov seem ntawm cov cawv cawv tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Hauv tebchaws Iziv, txij li xyoo pua 28 BC, bas-reliefs nrog cov duab ntawm cov qhev sau txiv hmab tau khaws cia. Cov neeg Caucasian ua pov thawj lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv cov tsos ntawm cawv los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas etymological ntawm lub npe, uas yog Caucasian keeb kwm. Hauv cov tebchaws no, cov dej haus tau pib tshaj 4,000 xyoo dhau los.

Nyob rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, cawv tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb vim muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ntseeg Vajtswv. Lub tsev teev ntuj nws tus kheej tsim cov dej haus no rau lub hom phiaj ritual. Nto moo monastic ntau yam tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Ua tsaug rau kev taw qhia, cawv kis mus rau Asia, Askiv thiab lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.

Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cawv liab

Txij thaum ub, cawv liab tau siv los ua tshuaj, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws tau paub tias yog dej haus zoo siab. Nws tau ntev tau ua pov thawj tias liab cawu cub muaj antioxidant zog, tshem tawm co toxins thiab tshuaj lom los ntawm lub cev. Qhov no ua rau rejuvenation ntawm lub cev, regenerates ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau ntaub so ntswg.npog. Caw liab feem ntau ua zoo li cov tshuaj pancreatin, rhuav tshem cov rog thiab carbohydrates, yog li pab kev zom zaub mov thiab ua kom lub cev tsis hnyav.

Ntxiv rau, cawv yog tshuaj rau cov neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib lossis ntshav ntshav. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab, txhim kho cov ntshav ncig. Thiab tseem cov dej haus yuav pab tau rau nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv micro- thiab macroelements, vitamins, amino acids, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm vitamin deficiency thiab rau cov neeg mob uas muaj teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb, ua pa system, kab mob plawv.

Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cawv tsuas yog siv tau me me thiab yog tias qhov dej haus zoo siab. Txwv tsis pub, nws tsuas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev. Thaum kawg - yuav ua li cas xaiv cov caw liab, qhuav lossis qab zib.

Xaiv qhov twg?

Muaj ntau tshaj plaub txhiab hom cawv hauv ntiaj teb. Rau peb, cov neeg tau txais kev pab zoo tib yam, kev sib faib khoom hnyav tau raug tsim los uas tso cai rau peb nkag siab txog qhov kwv yees ntawm cov dej haus. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cawv, wines muab faib ua lub rooj, fortified, flavored thiab sparkling.

Raws li cov piam thaj, cov dej qab zib yog qhuav, ib nrab qhuav, ib nrab qab zib thiab qab zib, thiab cov dej qab zib muaj zog muaj zog, qab zib, ib nrab khoom qab zib, khoom qab zib thiab liqueurs. Qhuav liab caw muaj txog li 0.3% qab zib, qab zib - 15% los yog ntau tshaj. Txhua yam nyob nruab nrab yog deb ntawm cov cawv zoo.

Semi-qhuav thiab ib nrab qab zib cawv muaj ntau cov tshuaj khaws cia ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam qab zib, qab zib ua raws li lub ntuj preservative, yog li ntawd, xws li wine tsisyog teeb meem. Yog tsis muaj lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug zoo liab semi-qab zib caw. Feem ntau cov suab thaj uas tau ntxiv rau ib nrab qab zib wines pab ua kom cov khoom tsis zoo lossis cov khoom tsis zoo. Thiab yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug zoo liab qhuav caw, cia tham ntxiv.

Tsis txhob txiav txim raws li qhov pom

Thaum koj txiav txim siab txog hom cawv, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib txoj cai golden: koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cawv los ntawm qhov ci ntawm daim ntawv lo. Tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi manufacturers nyiam cov neeg yuav khoom: dluab ntawm zaj, bulls thiab lwm yam tsiaj, inlays nrog rhinestones, ci holograms … Pom zoo, qhov no tsis yog rau xws li ib tug noble haus li liab cawu cub. Ntawm lub raj mis uas tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas, feem ntau yuav muaj daim ntawv lo nruj monotonous nrog lub npe ntawm cov cawv hauv cov ntawv loj. Tag nrho cov no yog ua kom tus neeg yuav khoom nco txog lub npe, thiab tsis yog daim duab qhia rau nws.

Daim ntawv lo muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov neeg siv khoom: ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm, xyoo qoob loo, lub caij nyoog laus, cov ntsiab lus cawv, cov khoom lag luam thiab ntau ntxiv. Thiab tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum hloov peb txoj kev xav ntawm nws, vim tias yog tias koj nco ib qho ntawm cov saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem ua yuam kev hauv kev xaiv. Yog tias muaj qee cov ntaub ntawv ploj lawm, cov chaw tsim khoom sim zais nws.

Piv txwv li, yuav ua li cas xaiv cov cawv liab qhuav zoo raws li lub sijhawm laus? Qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv no txhais tau hais tias cov cawv tau nchuav tam sim ntawd, uas ua txhaum txoj kev siv tshuab. Yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom tsis sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis tsuas yog npog nws qhov tsis tuaj nrog cov lus poetic,zoo li "qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Fabkis winemakers", qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov dej haus no tsuas yog pov tseg xwb.

Lwm cov lus qhia los ntawm cov neeg nto moo sommeliers: koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub cork ntawm cov dej haus. Ua ntej, lub cork yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub raj mis, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob qhuav dhau los yog ntub dej. Qhov thib ob, qhov ntev thiab muaj zog ntawm cork, qhov zoo dua cov cawv. Thirdly, ntawm lub cork ntawm wine zoo, lub vintage xyoo, vineyard tooj, bottling lub tuam txhab npe, lub nroog, code thiab hom ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam yuav raug qhia.

Lub raj mis cawv yuav tsum yog iav tsaus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, hauv qab yuav tsum tau nrog ib tug recess: qhov tob, qhov zoo dua cov caw.

Thiab kawg, koj yuav tsum co lub raj mis. Cov cawv txiv hmab zoo yuav tsis muaj sediment, thiab nws yuav tsum ntws los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub raj mis maj mam thiab sib npaug, zoo li lub hnab ntim lawv.

Niam yug

Thaum peb tham txog qhov chaw yug ntawm cawv txiv hmab, peb txhais tau tias lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm. Niaj hnub no Fabkis yog tus thawj coj ntawm winemaking. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Fabkis liab caw yog Burgundy, Bordeaux thiab Rhone.

Lub teb chaws xa tawm cawv thib ob yog Ltalis. Ua tsaug rau huab cua sov, txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj tuaj ntawm no txhua xyoo puag ncig, uas tso cai rau kev tsim cov cawv ntau ntau. Lub cheeb tsam Tuscany muab yug rau xws li liab qhuav wines zoo li Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino, Tuscany.

Qhov thib peb yog coj los ntawm Spanish canteens, hauv zos, nplua thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb cawv. Ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb yog Spanish Rioja, uas muaj cov ntawv sau zoo nkauj thiab muaj suab npe.

Cov cawv ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Tshiab kuj tsim nyog hwm: Argentina, Chile, South Africa, thiab lwm yam. Vim huab cua kub thiab lub hnub ci ci txhua xyoo, cov txiv hmab ntawm no qab zib thiab tsw qab. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txawv txawv tuaj ntawm no: Zinfandel, Malbec, Shiraz, Grenache thiab lwm yam.

Abkhazian thiab Georgian wines dai kom zoo nkauj sib sau ua ke nrog cov tsoos barbecue, ci zaub, vim lawv muaj lub zog aroma, tob saj thiab ntau tannins. Ntawm Georgian wines, nto moo tshaj plaws yog Saperavi, Mukuzani thiab Akhasheni. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Abkhazian wines yog "Amra", "Bouquet of Abkhazia", និង "Chegem", uas zoo li cov cawv txiv hmab hauv tsev.

Nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw yug

Qhov chaw yug ntawm cawv, tau kawg, txiav txim siab txhua yam: saj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, fineness, lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm no nws tsim nyog pib los ntawm ntau npaum li cas cov nyiaj koj txaus siab muab rau ib qho dej haus. Xaiv ib tug liab qhuav cawu cub, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus yog heev yooj yim. Txhua leej txhua tus paub tias cov dej haus los ntawm Fabkis Burgundy (Fabkis), Bordeaux (Fabkis), Tuscany (Ltalis), Rioja (Spain) thiab Ribera del Duero (Spain) yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov dej qab zib no ntau dua li lwm cov cawv txiv hmab zoo. Yuav ua li cas xaiv liab caw nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no?

Piv txwv li, ib qho zoo liab qhuav caw ua los ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Tshiab tuaj yeem yuav tau rau 400-500 rubles. Kwv yees li cov dej haus zoo tib yam los ntawm Fabkis lossis Ltalis yuav raug nqi 200-300 rubles ntau dua. Txawm li cas los, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob muab preference rau wines rau100-200 rubles, yog tias tag nrho cov kev cai saum toj no tau ua tiav. Cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam zoo tsis tuaj yeem muag cov dej haus zoo rau tus nqi li no, vim tias tus nqi ntawm lub raj mis, kev cia khoom, cov khoom siv zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau dua li tus nqi. Nco ntsoov tias tus nqi rau ib lub raj mis uas zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yog 10-12 las.

Thiab kawg. Ib qho laj thawj zoo kom txuag tau cov peev nyiaj yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hluas, vim tias cov cawv uas muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos saj zoo heev thiab tsis kim heev. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso siab rau tus tsim khoom uas tsim tus nqi qis rau cov hnub nyoog ntau yam. Feem ntau yuav, qhov no yog cov khoom ua tsis zoo.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv liab caw

Tau kawg, qhov saj ntawm cawv yog nyob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau tsim. Xaiv cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm cov khoom siv raw kev loj hlob, qhov twg lub hnub ci ci txhua xyoo puag ncig, peb tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias ib lossis lwm hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav ntau qab zib dua li tib yam loj hlob rau sab qaum teb. Yuav ua li cas xaiv liab caw raws li qhov kev paub no? Rau qhov no, muaj cov lus qhia kwv yees rau qib ntawm cov khoom siv raw los ntawm cov dej haus tau tsim.

Wines raws li Merlot, Tempranillo, Pinot Noir txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib txwm smoother, softer, tsawg tart thiab viscous. Lub teeb wines tau tsim nyob rau sab xis ntawm Bordeaux, hauv Chile's Maipo thiab Maule hav, hauv New Zealand lub xeev Hawke's Bay.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrov tshaj plaws yog "Cabernet Sauvignon", tab sis cov cawv ntawm hom no muaj ntau dua tannic, ci, muaj zog.thiab qaub. Lwm hom muaj xws li "malbec" (Argentinean lossis Southwestern Fabkis).

Ntau yam nruab nrab ntawm Merlot thiab Sauvignon yog Sulfur, Australian Shiraz los ntawm Kaoru.

Wine tsis qaug, tab sis noj

Caw ua haus yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau zaub mov. Yog tsis muaj zaub mov, nws tau dhuav sai heev, teev cov hniav ntawm ntug vim cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm acids. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cawv rau lub rooj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau cov tais diav uas yuav muaj nyob rau ntawm nws. Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov cawv qhuav qhuav, liab lossis dawb rau zaub mov, yog ib lo lus nug nyuaj heev. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov kev xaiv tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov tais diav siav. Qhov no tsim nyog saib rau hauv. Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug qab qhuav liab caw?

Muaj kev ntseeg yuam kev tias cawv liab tsuas yog rau nqaij xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb. Nws mus zoo nrog cov ntses liab thiab nqaij qaib, tab sis koj yuav tsum xaiv cov mos mos, lub teeb ntau hom dej haus: Pinot Noir, Schiava, Gamay.

Qee lub sijhawm qhuav liab caw, zoo li Cabernet Sauvignon, tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij nyuj sib tw. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv Pinot Noir lossis Tempranillo.

Nqaij ribeye steaks, barbecue lossis grilled nqaij yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov muaj zog, muaj zog Cabernet Sauvignon, Sulfur, Malbec, wines los ntawm sab laug bank ntawm Bordeaux, Rioja wines. Cov nqaij liab kuj ua tau zoo nrog carmenère, uas muaj cov ntawv sau ntawm chocolate thiab dub berries.

Rau nqaij npuas, duck, yaj, tawv thiab ib nrab-nyias cheeses, nqaij haus luam yeeb, sommeliers pom zoocawv liab cawv (12.5-13.5% xws li Merlot, Sangiovese, Cabernet Franc.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv liab semi-qab zib wine

Peb twb tau hais saum toj no tias ib nrab qab zib cawv ib txwm muaj qhov tsis zoo. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, hom dej haus no tau raug tso tseg ntev lawm, thaum nyob hauv Russia thiab cov tebchaws nyob sib ze, qhov qab zib hauv cawv tseem nrov.

Liab semi-qab zib lossis ib nrab qhuav ntau yam yog tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam qhuav fermentation. Kev cuam tshuam yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau haus, uas tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis kuj ua kom tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cawv liab.

Preferring semi-sweet wine kom qhuav, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias thaum koj qhib lub raj mis, koj yuav tsum haus nws mus rau hauv qab. Hnub tom qab nws yuav phem heev.

Yog koj tseem muaj lub siab xav yuav ib nrab qab zib liab caw, ces muaj qee qhov lus pom zoo rau kev xaiv.

Ua ntej, peb kawm lub raj mis, daim ntawv lo raws li cov cai hais saum toj no.

Thib ob, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ntuj ib nrab qab zib tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qaub. Yuav kom tau txais cov dej qab zib, cov tuam txhab xaiv cov khoom qab zib, overexposing berries nyob rau hauv lub hnub kom ua tau pwm, los yog, conversely, khov lawv.

Thib peb, hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ib nrab qab zib zoo cawv, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob. Ntawd yog, wines ntawm Georgia, Moldova, Ltalis, Portugal. Piv txwv li, zoo-paub ntau yam yog lambrusco, alexandruoli "Alazani Valley",kandzmarauli, merlot ntawm Moldovan tus tsim khoom "Cricova"

Quality Marks

Hauv lub tebchaws ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Qub, uas yog Fabkis, Ltalis, Spain, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Portugal thiab lwm lub tebchaws tsim khoom nyob sab Europe, muaj qee yam kev tswj hwm ntawm cawv. Cov dej haus tau kuaj xyuas txhua theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, thiab tom qab tasting los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws sommeliers, nws tau txais ib pawg, ua tsaug rau nws tuaj yeem thov tus nqi sib raug zoo.

Cov cawv txiv hmab qhuav tuaj yeem tau txais ib pawg hauv qab no:

• VdT lossis VdM - tsev noj mov yam tsis muaj chaw tshwj xeeb thiab xyoo yug.
• Vin de Pays - Fabkis cov cawv txiv hmab hauv zos los ntawm qee yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tau dhau tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm zoo.
• IGT - Italian lub zos cawv, tswj kev cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov qeb no suav nrog cov dej haus pheej yig tab sis zoo.
• AOC - Fabkis wine ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tswj keeb kwm thiab ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
• DOC - zoo Italian lossis Spanish cawv nrog rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm keeb kwm, tswj txhua theem ntawm kev tsim khoom.
• DO - Spanish tswj los ntawm keeb kwm.

Ib lus pom zoo kawg: ua ntej mus tom khw, koj yuav tsum kawm txog cov cawv txiv hmab. Qee cov dej haus raug txiav txim los ntawm cov neeg nto moo sommeliers thiab cov neeg thuam cawv xws li Robert Parker, Stefan Aspirinio, Oz Clarke, James Laube, Hugh Johnson, Jancis Robinson thiab ntau lwm tus. Lawv qhov kev kwv yees, yam tsis muaj kev poob siab, tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum tau ntseeg. Cov neeg ua haujlwm zooTasting thaj chaw pab tsis tau tab sis qhia yuav ua li cas xaiv liab caw.