White port wine: yees duab, faib, yuav ua li cas thiab nrog dab tsi haus

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Hnub no, txawm tias cov neeg tsis paub txog kev haus cawv ntau tshaj plaws paub xws li haus dej cawv dawb. Txawm li cas los xij, tart Portuguese cawv tsis yog ib txwm nrov thiab paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov tsis saib xyuas ntawm cov tshuab tsim khoom hauv peb lub tebchaws, deb ntawm cov dej haus zoo tshaj plaws yog tsim.

Cov ntsiab lus dav dav: dab tsi yog qhov chaw nres nkoj wine

Lub npe ntawm haus yog txhais los ntawm German li "chaw nres nkoj wine". Tseeb tiag, Portuguese navigators tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws qhov kev tsim.

Fortified cawv tau tsim los ntawm kev sib tsoo thaum lub sijhawm txwv kev lag luam ntawm Askiv thiab Fabkis. Nws yog qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas yuam cov neeg Portuguese kom dilute cov cawv txiv hmab zoo nrog cawv, tab sis ntxiv rau tom qab.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb, qhov chaw nres nkoj yog cawv nrog lub zog ntawm 18 txog 23 degrees, tsim nyob rau hauv Douro Valley (Portugal).

Chaw nres nkoj yog nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov dej cawv uas nws lub npe tswj hwm los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo!

YProduction highlights

Rau ib qho (liab lossis dawb) chaw nres nkoj cawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm luvyuav tsum fermentation lub sij hawm. Raws li txoj cai, nws tsis yog ntau tshaj ob lossis peb hnub. Tom qab ntawd, raws li cov lus qhia, xaiv txiv hmab txiv ntoo cawv yog ntxiv rau mash, lub zog ntawm uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 77%.

Yuav luag tiav cawv yog nchuav rau hauv cov ntoo qhib tshwj xeeb, qhov twg nws loj tuaj rau 3-6 xyoo (qhov nruab nrab). Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd qhov chaw nres nkoj cawv yog lub raj mis.

Dej keeb kwm

Nyob hauv Portugal, liab thiab dawb chaw nres nkoj cawv hu ua haus nrog lub cim muaj zog thiab txaus siab rau nws. Nws cov saj tshwj xeeb yog tart thiab nplua nuj, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub tebchaws no, nqis peev hauv kev tsim khoom, tsim nyog hwm.

Henry II ntawm Burgundy yog thawj tus uas xav paub txog kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov txheej txheem winemaking hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo coj los ntawm lub xeev Bordeaux tau yug los tsis zoo thiab tsis tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov dej haus zoo tiag tiag. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog cov Portuguese haus cawv los ntawm Douro rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm Askiv thiab Fabkis tau hloov pauv ntau ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov tebchaws no thiab kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe.

Tus neeg Askiv, tsis kam xa cawv los ntawm Fabkis lub xeev Bordeaux, tig mus rau tus phooj ywg Portuguese kom pab. Nyob rau hauv 1703, daim ntawv cog lus Metuan tau kos npe, raws li cov Portuguese wines hla ciam teb nyob rau hauv ib tug nyiam qeb.

Douro wines tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev sib tw tiag tiag piv rau Bordeaux wines ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov cawv liab tshwj xeeb tsis txawv ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb (hauv 12-13 degrees) thiab tsis tuaj yeem khav. Lub neej ntev.

Cov dej haus no tau txwv tsis pub thauj hauv nkoj, vim tias nws yuav tsis tau khaws cia tshiab thiab qab. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob poob lub khw muag khoom zoo li Askiv, lawv pib ntxiv cawv txiv hmab thiab brandy rau haus. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg muaj zog saj ntawm cov cawv tshiab yog rau saj ntawm cov neeg Askiv tawv tawv, thiab cov Portuguese tau tsim ntau cov dej cawv tshiab hauv keeb kwm.

Raws li cov thev naus laus zis qub (dilute qhuav cawv nrog cawv), chaw nres nkoj cawv tsis tau npaj rau ntev - los ntawm 1756 txog 1820. Pib xyoo 1821, brandy tau nchuav ncaj qha rau hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov cuab yeej technology no tseem muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no.

Kev faib tawm ntawm chaw nres nkoj wine

Tam sim no Douro tsim ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tebchaws cawv, ntau hom yog cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws:

• Golden brown Tony lossis Tawny chaw nres nkoj yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab. Nws tshuav nws cov xim txawv txawv rau cov ntoo qhib ntoo uas cov dej haus muaj hnub nyoog 10, 20, 30, thiab qee zaum txawm tias 40 xyoo. Lub sijhawm ripening tsawg kawg yog 2 xyoos.
• Young liab chaw nres nkoj hu ua Ruby. Kev tsim khoom ntawm hom no muab kev cuam tshuam txog kev siv tshuab tsawg, ua tsaug rau qhov uas tsis muaj kev piav qhia fruity saj thiab nplua nuj aroma ntawm cov dej haus tau khaws cia. Raws li txoj cai, cov kua ruby noble tsis muaj hnub nyoog hauv cov ntoo qhib. Chaw nres nkoj matures tom qab bottling.
• Ib hom tsis tshua muaj - "Garrafeira" lossis Garrafeira - ib txwm ua los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo nkaus xwbib sau. Thawj qhov tshwm sim hauv lub thoob yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 3 xyoos! Cov cawv tseem tab tom ua rau hauv lub raj mis (tsawg kawg 8 xyoo). Tsuas yog ib lub tuam txhab paub tias tsim cov chaw nres nkoj cawv - Niepoort.
• Coleita tuaj yeem hu ua tus xeeb ntxwv ntawm Tony chaw nres nkoj cawv. Txog 7 xyoo tom qab maturation, ib tug zoo winemaker sim nws masterpiece. Thiab yog tias nws qhov zoo tshaj qhov nws tau npaj, lub thoob raug xa mus rau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Port Colheita muaj hnub nyoog tsawg kawg yog 12 xyoo. Cov dej haus muaj ib qho txawv saj, ib tug qab ntxiag golden xim thiab ib tug indescribable aroma.
• Chaw nres nkoj Dawb nrog lub qab ntxiag fruity saj yog qhov tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv Portugal, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem pom. Hom no hu ua Branco ("Branco") thiab nws txawv ntawm qhov qab zib.
• LBV lossis Late Bottled Vintage yog ib qho dej haus uas muaj kev sib tw heev. Thiab txhua lub raj mis txawv. Qhov chaw nres nkoj no yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau sau hauv ib xyoos, hnub nyoog hauv ib lub thoob rau tsawg kawg yog 6 xyoo.
• Cov khoom qab zib tshaj plaws tam sim no nyob rau hauv hav zoov yog Lagrima dawb chaw nres nkoj, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cawv los ntawm ntau xyoo.
• Qee zaum koj tuaj yeem pom qhov chaw nres nkoj cawv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov rhawv ntawm cov khw muag cawv kim. Qhov no tsis yog ib qho cuav thiab tsis muaj kev tsim khoom tsis raug! "Crusted" yog lub raj mis tsis pom tom qab sib tov cawv los ntawm ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib zaug. Connoisseurs thiab connoisseurs pom zoo kom ncuav nws mus rau hauv lub decanter ua ntej haus.
• "Vintage" (Vintage) yog suav tias yog cov neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ntau hom chaw nres nkoj cawv. Ua los ntawmKev ua tiav tiav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws txawv ntawm cov xim ci, ib qho tshwj xeeb aroma, saj ntawm cov hav zoov qus berries thiab tsaus chocolate. Qhov nruab nrab, loj hlob hauv ib lub raj mis los ntawm 20 txog 50 xyoo.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj dawb

Kev faib dej haus, nws yuav zoo li, yooj yim, tab sis nws tsuas yog thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Hom dej haus no muaj ntau yam qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv uas tsis yog txhua tus cawv tuaj yeem khav theeb. Piv txwv li, lub tswv yim ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj liab tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no. Thiab yog hais tias lub ntsiab hom liab fortified caw yog Ruby thiab Towne, ces txhua yam yog txawv nyob rau hauv dawb. Cov neeg nyiam txaus siab rau liab chaw nres nkoj cawv ntawm lub plab khoob, tsis muaj teeb meem diluting nws, tab sis nrog dawb - koj tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum sib tov cocktails!

Chaw nres nkoj dawb yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb nkaus xwb, nws tuaj nyob rau hauv ob pawg: los ntawm cov hluas lossis cov laus. Ib tug hluas haus ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb tsis txaus siab los ntawm feem ntau cov neeg nyiam ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj cawv thiab txawm ua rau muaj kev thuam, thaum muaj hnub nyoog tuaj yeem nyob ze rau Tawny qub.

Yog cov dej qab zib ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb txaus ntshai

Raws li cov neeg Loos thaum ub tau hais tias: "Tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev noj qab haus huv." Thiab nws yog lawm. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluas dawb chaw nres nkoj caw yog qab zib, theem ntawm cov dej haus fluctuates heev. Los ntawm qhuav qhuav rau qab zib.

Qhov qab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj yog Lagrima. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb. Lub tart, qab zib thiab me ntsis dej qab zib tau raug hwm thiab hwm los ntawm Portuguese rau ntau xyoo lawm. Connoisseurs pom zooPab ib lub teeb me me dawb chaw nres nkoj txias txias, ntxiv dej khov, txiv qaub wedges thiab mint sprigs rau nws.

Kev tsim khoom hauv tebchaws los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm USSR

Txij li xyoo 1985, lub tebchaws tau tsim txog 2 billion litres ntawm pheej yig thiab haus dej tsis zoo. Nws yog xyoo 1985 uas lub npe hu ua "777" tau tshwm sim ntawm lub khw muag khoom, thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm nws cov khoom tau ntau dua li lwm cov cawv ua ke!

Cov dej haus uas tsim tawm hauv USSR ua ntej 1985 tsis tuaj yeem hu ua qhov chaw nres nkoj Portuguese tiag tiag, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov phem. Ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog Primorsky dawb chaw nres nkoj cawv. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb yog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo (tsis muaj fermentation), domestic beet qab zib thiab hom qoob mog cawv.

Tam sim no kev tsim cov cawv txiv hmab muaj zog hauv tebchaws Russia tau hloov kho tshiab, tab sis qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij ywj pheej, tasting Surozh dawb chaw nres nkoj cawv, nco ntsoov tias nws tau dhau los ua phem dua piv rau cov dej haus hauv Soviet.

Hom tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj cawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv Crimea: "Massandra" thiab "Magarach". Nws tseem tsim nyog hais txog "brainchild" ntawm hom "Massandra" - dawb chaw nres nkoj caw "Alushta". Raws li kev thuam, nws tseem zoo heev.

Txoj cai ntawm kev ua noj thiab haus dej

Saib seb hnub ua ntej haus lub raj mis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ncaj. Lub cork los ntawm nws tuaj yeem muab pov tseg, vim nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub kaw lub raj mis nrog nws dua. Nws ntseeg hais tias ib tug qub cork yuav ua rau lub saj thiab aroma ntawm zoo caw.

Ib tus zoo sommelier paub tias ua ntej ua haujlwm, qhov chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum "decanted" (kho los ntawm lub raj mis mus rau hauv lub decanter). Qhov no yuav pab tshem tawm cov av hauv qab ntawm lub raj mis, yog tias muaj. Chaw nres nkoj tau txais kev pab ntawm tib qhov kub li cawv. Rau liab, 18 degrees yog pom zoo, thiab dawb - los ntawm 10 mus rau 12.

Raws li cov iav, ob qho tib si, cov uas npaj rau cawv liab yog qhov zoo dua. Lub tulip zoo li tso cai rau koj txaus siab rau lub aroma ntawm cov dej haus ua ntej haus.

Koj tuaj yeem yuav ib lub raj mis uas muaj zog thiab tart haus, piv txwv li, hauv khw muag khoom ntawm cov saw liab thiab dawb. Chaw nres nkoj wine ntawm domestic ntau lawm ("Primorsky", "Alabashly", "Kurdamir", thiab lwm yam.) nqi ntawm 250-300 rubles, rau ib tug Portuguese haus koj yuav tau them me ntsis ntxiv - 550-600 rubles.

Aperitif los yog digestif?

Chaw nres nkoj cawv zoo kawg nkaus txhawb kev qab los noj mov, thiab yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua haus nws ua ntej noj mov raws li aperitif. Hauv Portugal, tsis muaj leej twg haus nws ntawm plab!

Raws li aperitif, chaw nres nkoj cawv mus zoo nrog ntau yam txias thiab kub appetizers. Cov neeg Portuguese thiab Spanish nyiam haus cov cawv dawb dawb nrog cheese, chocolate, txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nqaij thiab ntses khoom noj txom ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg haus cawv thiab sommeliers pom zoo kom tsis txhob noj khoom txom ncauj, tab sis haus tsis muaj dab tsi.

Yog qhov chaw nres nkoj zoo li muaj zog heev, koj tuaj yeem dilute nws nrog me ntsis dej ntxhia.

Cov khoom noj txom ncauj zoo tshaj plaws rau chaw nres nkoj wine

Nws tau teev saum toj no uas haumntau yam khoom noj txom ncauj rau fortified wine. Qhov no muaj tseeb, tab sis kom yooj yim ntawm kev xaiv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los faib lawv thiab txiav txim siab lawv cais.

• Txiv hmab txiv ntoo, chocolate, khoom qab zib. Cov cawv mus zoo tsis yog nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab chocolate tsaus, tab sis kuj nrog pastries, quiches thiab lwm yam khoom qab zib.
• Raws li kev lig kev cai, txhua yam cawv, nrog rau cov chaw nres nkoj cawv, mus zoo nrog cov cheese sib txawv.
• Cov khoom noj thiab cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm nqaij qaib, nqaij npuas, nqaij nyuj lossis yaj yog tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv qhov chaw nres nkoj caw kom phim cov xim ntawm cov nqaij - liab.
• Crimean dawb chaw nres nkoj "Massandra" lossis "Magarach" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntxiv rau cov tais diav thiab khoom noj txom ncauj los ntawm ntses lossis nqaij nruab deg.

Nws tsis pom zoo kom haus dej haus nrog zaub lossis thawj chav kawm.

Txawm hais tias muaj cov cawv tshwj xeeb, cov neeg ncaws pob thoob ntiaj teb tsis txo cov dej haus no. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, qee qhov zoo nkauj cocktails tau yug los.

Recipe 1: Porto Lime

Kev sib tov koj yuav xav tau:

• Crimean dawb chaw nres nkoj - 40 ml;
• 20 ml kua txiv qaub;
• qab zib thiab txiv qaub wedge rau garnish;
• crushed ice - xaiv tau.

Ua ntej npaj ib qho cocktail, koj yuav tsum tau txias lub khob. Dej txias rau ib khob thiab dej khov rau haus tsis yog tib yam!

Raws li kev nyiam saj, ntim lub khob nrog dej khov, tom qab ntawd ntxiv kua txiv thiab chaw nres nkoj, sib tov nrog rab diav.

Recipe 2: "Portonique"

Tau cov khoom xyaw:

• 30ml tonic;
• dawb chaw nres nkoj ("Alushta" hom "Massandra") - 30 ml;
• dej khov.

Sau lub khob nrog dej khov, ntxiv qhov chaw nres nkoj, do nrog ib rab diav thiab ncuav cov sib tov nrog tonic. Lub cocktail yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haus los ntawm straw. Qhov no cocktail yog qhov zoo tshwj xeeb yog tias koj xaiv Massandra dawb chaw nres nkoj cawv.

Recipe 3: Pushy

Cov khoom xyaw:

• vodka - 30 ml;
• YCoca-Cola - 60 ml;
• liab chaw nres nkoj - 30 ml;
• ice - 100g

Nyob rau hauv ib lub khob ua kom txias, ntxiv dej khov ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd vodka thiab chaw nres nkoj cawv. Do thiab ntxiv Coca-Cola.