Ib lub tais uas hu ua Lavxias thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov zaub mov ntawm Russian cuisine

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Peb cov zaub mov hauv tebchaws muaj npe nrov rau ntau yam tais diav, cov npe uas tau hloov kho tas li nrog cov khoom noj tshiab. Ib zaug dhau los, cov neeg nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe tau xyaum tsis txaus siab rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine, vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm nws cov tais diav. Txawm li cas los xij, tus cwj pwm zoo li no tsis tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhawb zog rau kev tshwm sim ntawm cov zaub mov txawv tshiab. Thiab tam sim no Lavxias teb sab cuisine tais diav yog nyob rau hauv siab thov ntawm European gourmets, uas txaus siab rau lawv ntau yam thiab ilv saj.

Russia Salad yog dab tsi?

Lub npe nthuav tawm ntawm lub teb chaws ua noj ua haus masterpiece muaj nyob rau hauv European voj voog. Peb paub cov zaub xam lav no ua vinaigrette - ib lub tais uas hu ua Lavxias thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Nws lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog muaj cov khoom xyaw hauv lub tebchaws, xws li pickles, sauerkraut thiab lwm yam. Lub npe "Vinaigret" muaj cov hauv paus hauv Fabkis, uas yog los ntawm lo lus vinaigre, uas txhais tau tias "vinegar".

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe notais diav

Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev kav ntawm Alexander I, tus kws ua zaub mov Fabkis hu ua Antoine Karem tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hmo ua ntej ntawm kev ua koob tsheej tom ntej, Lavxias teb sab kws ua zaub mov kuj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chav ua noj ua ke nrog Antoine. Ib tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis ua zaub mov pom tias lawv tab tom npaj cov zaub xam lav nthuav dav, feem ntau ntawm cov zaub, thiab ncuav nws nrog vinegar essence. Nws xav tsis thoob rau qhov no thiab nug dua: "Vinaigre?" Cov kws ua zaub mov txiav txim siab tias nws hu cov zaub mov uas lawv tau ua. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub tais uas hu ua Lavxias thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, pib hu ua Fabkis txoj, uas yog "Vinaigret".

Peb cov kws ua zaub mov ua dab tsi ua ntej?

Cov tais diav qub Lavxias yog ib qho khoom noj ntawm lub teb chaws cuisine uas tau tsim txij thaum 9th-10th centuries. thiab mus txog nws lub ncov nyob rau hauv lub XV-XVI centuries, yog yus muaj los ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sij hawm.

Thaum pib ntawm lub sijhawm no, Lavxias lub khob cij tau tshwm sim, uas tau ua los ntawm qaub rye mov paj. Nws ua raws li ib yam ntawm uncrowned huab tais ntawm peb lub rooj, yam uas lub teb chaws zaub mov yog unthinkable. Lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov nplej kuj tau tsim, tshwj xeeb, cod, kua, pancakes, pies, bagels, donuts, pancakes, thiab lwm yam.

Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau npaj tsuas yog los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qaub mov paj, uas yog li tus yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm ua noj evolution. Mob siab rau kvass, qaub tsim lub hauv paus ntawm jelly - oatmeal, rye thiab hom qoob mog. Lawv tshwm sim ntev ua ntej lawv cov niaj hnub counterparts, feem ntau berry.

Tsiancient Lavxias teb sab tais diav yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam porridges thiab gruels, uas yog Ameslikas suav hais tias solemn thiab ritual zaub mov. Thiab txhawm rau kom dilute tag nrho cov qhob cij no, hmoov nplej ntau, lawv feem ntau npaj ntses, nceb, zaub, khoom noj siv mis, thiab qee zaum nqaij tais. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, classic Lavxias teb sab dej haus tau tshwm sim, uas yog txhua yam meads, kvass, sbitni. Needless hais, lawv qhov ntau yog dav heev?

Nco ntsoov tias Lavxias teb sab zaub mov tau ntev tau muab faib ua ntshiv (ntses, nceb thiab zaub) thiab thiaj li hu ua rog - mis nyuj, nqaij thiab qe. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm peb cov kev coj noj coj ua, mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Ib lub npe nthuav rau Lavxias teb sab tais diav, los yog Vim li cas cabbage rolls hu ua cabbage rolls?

Keeb kwm ntawm xws li cov zaub mov nyiam xws li cabbage yob yog txuas nrog lub teb chaws Ottoman, uas tau tso tseg, yog li hais, raws li keeb kwm rau cov neeg Lavxias. Lub tais, uas yog hu ua Lavxias teb sab thoob plaws ntiaj teb, yog, qhov tseeb, Moldovan. Lo lus sarmale, los yog nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim - "khoom noj khoom haus" los ntawm Turkish verb sarma thiab hauv kev txhais lus txhais tau tias "pob". Cov zaub mov no tau nrov ntau pua xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cuisine, muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm variations ntawm cabbage rolls, uas txawv mas nyob rau hauv lub filling. Nws tuaj yeem yog mov, thiab nqaij npuas nrog nceb, thiab kib nceb nrog txiv laum huab xeeb, thiab txawm taum taum qab zib. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me, xws li me me mus rau qhov loj loj. Ob peb ntawm cov zaub qhwv no tuaj yeem noj tag nrholub nroog. Piv txwv li, lawv ua zaub mov noj hauv Dragon Boat Festival.

Leej twg lub teb chaws twg noj cabbage rolls?

Cov zaub mov no, uas yog hu ua Lavxias thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tam sim no muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm yuav luag txhua yam zaub mov hauv ntiaj teb. Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv Azerbaijan, Georgia, Persia thiab Bosnia nws hu ua Dolme. Hauv Qaib Cov Txwv, qhov no, raws li twb tau sau tseg, yog Sarma. Moldovan thiab Romanian cuisines muaj ib qho analogue ntawm cabbage rolls hu ua Sarmale. Hauv Armenia lawv hu ua Tolma.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov zaub mov Lavxias no nrov hauv tebchaws Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Serbia, Belarus, thiab lwm yam. Txawm tias lub tebchaws nyob deb li Sweden muaj ib lub tais raws li tag nrho cov tib lub cabbage yob. Nyob ntawd, sib tov ntawm minced nqaij npuas nrog mov yog qhwv nyob rau hauv cabbage nplooj, thiab ib tug kho yog pab nrog ib sab phaj, uas yog boiled qos yaj ywm. Nrog rau qhov no, xim av sauce thiab lingonberry jam yuav tsum muaj nyob rau ntawm lub rooj. Lub tais hu ua Kaldolmar.

Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lub npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab tais diav tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws, txawm tias hloov kho me ntsis. Txawm hais tias nws yog kev cai ntseeg tias nws yog peb uas qiv lwm tus neeg lub npe.

Kev noj zaub mov hauv tebchaws pib li cas?

thawj chav kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom kua zaub. Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua xya pawg tseem ceeb, xws li:

1. Cov kua zaub txias raws li kvass: okroshka, turi thiab botvini.

2. Lub teeb kua zaub los yog stews, lub ntsiab feem ntawm uas yogdej thiab zaub ntau yam.

3. Nqaij, mis nyuj los yog nceb noodle soup.

4. Russian cabbage kua zaub.

5. Solyankas thiab pickles, uas hnyav heev vim yog cov nqaij rog rog thiab qab ntsev-qaub.

6. Calla thiab ntses kua zaub yog ob hom ntses thawj zaug.

7. Cereal kua zaub raws zaub.

Shi as a national tais

Lavxias teb sab thawj chav kawm, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib yam, uas yuav luag tsis muaj lub rooj, ob qho tib si cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab vaj ntxwv, ua tau. Cov kua zaub no yog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau tshwm sim hauv Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 9th. Lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb yog cabbage.

Ntau tus ntseeg tias kab lis kev cai no tau coj los ntawm Byzantium. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no tsis yog tag nrho, txij li thaum lub sijhawm ancient cabbage tau cog rau hauv Dub hiav txwv thaj tsam ntawm Ancient Greece, los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws tuaj rau Russians. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv Russia lawv noj ntau yam stews thiab yushki. Lawv tau npaj los ntawm tshiab, thiab feem ntau yog los ntawm sauerkraut. Cov tais no tau txais koob meej sai sai thiab tau txais lub npe "Schi" lossis "Shti".

Tom qab ntawd, cov tais diav ntawm Lavxias teb sab zaub mov tau ntxiv nrog lwm cov zaub mov qab tau los ntawm cov kua zaub. Peb tab tom tham txog borscht, uas tam sim ntawd pib txaus siab rau kev hlub zoo thiab muaj koob meej ntawm Eastern Slavs. Nws lub npe thaum xub thawj txhais tau tias "beet kua zaub", ntau precisely cabbage kua zaub raws li beets.

Shi yes porridge - peb lub zog

Zaub mov ntawm Lavxias teb sab zaub mov, suav nrog zaub qhwv zaub, muaj ntau yamlub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Cov no yog Ukraine, thiab Belarus, thiab Poland, thiab Lithuania, thiab Latvia, thiab Estonia, thiab Finland, thiab Moldova. Tab sis lawv nyiam kev hlub tshwj xeeb, rau cov laj thawj pom tseeb, ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, thiab tsis yog ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Central Strip ntawm Lavxias Federation, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Mordovian, Udmurt, Chuvash, Komi-Permyak haiv neeg.

Cov zaub mov Lavxias no, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm, tau npaj ob qho tib si hauv tsev ua lag luam, cov vaj tsev muaj koob muaj npe, vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwv, thiab hauv cov tsev neeg txom nyem. Tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm "shany lauj kaub" txawv. Cov neeg nplua nuj ua noj, hais lus, nplua nuj zaub qhwv - hauv nqaij lossis nqaij qaib broth, thiab cov neeg pluag muab tso rau hauv txhua yam uas nyob rau hauv lub thawv thaum ntawd.

Pomors nyiam ntses kua zaub, uas cov ntses me me, hauv av ua hmoov, tau ntxiv. Thaum lub sij hawm yoo mov, ntshiv los yog nceb kua zaub tau npaj. Rau tus huab tais lub rooj, ib daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb hu ua "Royal cabbage kua zaub" tau tsim, uas muaj ntau yam txawv teb chaws tau ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, "ntsuab" cabbage kua zaub tau siav, uas muaj xws li sorrel los yog nettle, quinoa, thiab tsis lees paub cabbage seedlings. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, lawv tau khov thiab coj mus rau hauv txoj kev, thiab muab tso rau hauv lub lauj kaub.

Dhau li ntawm cov zaub qhwv, lwm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov zaub mov no yog dos. Lawv kuj muab qos yaj ywm thiab carrots rau hauv lawv. Nyob rau sab qab teb, nws yog kev cai ntxiv kua txob qab zib thiab txiv lws suav. Ntau tus neeg nyiam siv rye hmoov rau thickening.

Cas kua zaub nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab cuisine yog dab tsi?

Hnub no, kws ua zaub mov muaj nees nkaum ntau yam ntawm lub teb chaws Lavxias teb sab zaub qhwv, lub ntsiab ntawm cov uas yogyog:

1. Tag nrho los yog nplua nuj cabbage kua zaub. Nws yog lawv cov uas xav tau ntau, vim tias lawv tau siav hauv nqaij qaib lossis nqaij qaib nrog ntxiv ntawm zaub sauteed hauv roj. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm ob qho tib si tshiab thiab sauerkraut los yog los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob qho tib si. Nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv nceb, feem ntau porcini.

2. Ua ke cabbage kua zaub. Hauv kev ua noj ua haus, ntau hom nqaij yog siv (rau cov kua zaub), nrog rau cov nqaij thiab cov hnyuv ntxwm. Cov nqaij yuav tsum tau txiav mus rau hauv me me pieces. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv cov tshiab los yog sauerkraut hauv ntau qhov ntau.

3. Lenten cabbage kua zaub. Lawv tau siav hauv zaub kua zaub, feem ntau nrog txhua hom nceb.

4. Ntses kua zaub. Siav hauv ntses broth. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntses me me, hauv av ua hmoov. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntses tshiab thiab ntsev, feem ntau yog sturgeon, yog qhov tsim nyog.

5. Grey kua zaub. Npaj los ntawm qis grey-ntsuab cabbage nplooj, yav tas los fermented. Cov zaub mov yog qhov xav tau siab nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia.

6. Ntsuab kua zaub. Qhov no tsuas yog ntau yam ntawm no tais uas yog npaj tsis muaj cabbage. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb yog cov tshuaj ntsuab caij nplooj ntoos hlav xws li sorrel, nettle thiab quinoa.

7. Seedling cabbage kua zaub. Boiled los ntawm cabbage seedlings unsuitable rau cog.

8. Txhua hnub cabbage kua zaub. Muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb, txij li lub thawv nrog cov tais diav yog thawj zaug qhwv rau plaub teev nrog ib daim pam tuab, thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw txias rau ib hnub.

Xav tau cov chav kawm thib ob. Lavxias teb sab cuisine nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm originality thiab originality

lawv ib txwmCov neeg sawv cev yog: cutlets, ntau yam nqaij yob, zrazy, ntses fries, nqaij, cabbage yob, stuffed peppers, casseroles thiab ntau dua.

Cov chav kawm thib ob muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, qhia hauv kev ua noj ntev dua thiab cov ntsiab lus calorie siab. Raws li txoj cai, cov khoom yog kib, boiled los yog stewed. Lawm, feem ntau Lavxias teb sab tais diav tau ci los yog languished nyob rau hauv qhov cub, nyob rau hauv lub dawb plig.

Lub ntsiab kev lig kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yog ntau yam thiab abundance ntawm cov khoom siv los npaj cov khoom uas tsim nyog.

theem tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab cuisine

Peb cov zaub mov tau tsim kho tsis tu ncua, thiab tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm los tawm ib theem tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, uas yog:

• Cov zaub mov qub Lavxias - hais txog IX-XVI centuries;
• cuisine ntawm lub xeev Muscovite - hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 17th;
• cuisine ntawm Peter thiab Catherine era - XVIII caug xyoo;
• Petersburg - hais txog qhov kawg ntawm XVIII caug xyoo;
• tag nrho-Lavxias teb chaws cuisine - prevailed nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo;
• Soviet - dominated los ntawm 1917 txog rau tam sim no.