Gelling agents: hom thiab piav qhia, siv hauv kev ua noj, tswv yim

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Yuav luag txhua tus niam tsev paub txog cov khoom xws li jelly. Nws tau txais los ntawm kev ua zaub mov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom gelling. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog hauv kev ua noj, tab sis kuj hauv cosmetology. Xav txog dab tsi gelling agents yog dab tsi, lawv muaj dab tsi, vim li cas lawv thiaj siv.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Cov khoom no tau muab cais ua cov khoom noj ntxiv. Lawv cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb yog hloov qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov khoom. Feem ntau lawv siv rau hauv cov khoom qab zib thiab ua noj.

Kev tshawb fawb, cov tshuaj no yog cov khoom hnyav molecular. Lawv tus kheej molecules yog cov xov ntev nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kawg. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus intermolecular. Tom qab ntawd cov molecules tsim tsim ib lub molecules hauv cov kua. Vim li ntawd, nws hloov nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos (qhov sib xws ua denser).

Nyob hauv qab no peb yuav qhia rau koj paub tias gelling agents yog dab tsi, assortment, properties, application.

Views

Cov khoom no muab faib ua ob hom - zaub thiab tsiaj keeb kwm. Lawv suav tag nrhonto moo gelatin, pectin, agar-agar thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom lag luam uas nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nyiam tshaj plaws yuav tsis tau txais qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog tias tsis yog rau cov khoom ntxiv no. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm jelly, marmalade, ntau yam qab zib thiab yogurts, marshmallows thiab lwm yam khoom qab zib.

YGelatin

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hais txog cov tshuaj gelling ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm. Nws muaj qhov sib xws zoo li jelly thiab muaj ntau yam tsiaj protein. Txhais los ntawm Latin txhais tau tias "frozen". Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev zom cov pob txha, cov leeg, cov leeg thiab lwm cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj cov protein.

Hom gelatin:

1. Qib siab tshaj ntawm cov khoom yog gelatin nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thinnest pob tshab nplooj los yog daim hlau tsis ntau tshaj 2 hli tuab. Lawv swell sai ntawm 35-37 ° C thiab tag nrho yaj ntawm 45 ° C.
2. Cov gelatin qis dua tuaj hauv daim ntawv daj lossis cov nplej. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev los npaj nws, los ntawm 30-40 feeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev ua noj nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau siv zog me ntsis ntxiv.
3. Zoo zoo gelatin tsis saj thiab tsw. Cov khoom thib ob muaj qhov saj thiab tsis hnov tsw, zoo ib yam li nqaij. Xws li gelatin yog qhov tsis xav tau siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev gelling siv hauv kev npaj cov tais diav qab zib thiab khoom qab zib.

Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm gelatin

Cov khoom no pom nws daim ntawv thov ntau pua xyoo dhau los. Piv txwv li,Cov Greeks thaum ub khaws cov nqaij nrog nws, ua ib yam khoom noj kaus poom. Pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, kws ua zaub mov uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau tag nrho cov jelly compositions nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm palace complexes nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb hwm. Hauv cov teb chaws Europe, gelatin tau txais los ntawm mos lwj antlers. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no siv sijhawm ntev heev thiab xav tau kev txawj tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, gelatin pib tsim nyob rau hauv cov lag luam loj. Nyob rau hauv Nyiv, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov ntses daim nyias nyias, nyob rau hauv America - los ntawm npua cov ntaub so ntswg, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe - los ntawm cov pob txha nyuj.

Gelatin yog siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw: tshuaj, kev lag luam zaub mov, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, ua noj ua haus thiab ua tus neeg sawv cev rau jam.

Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm gelatin yog tias nws muaj cov amino acids thiab cov proteins tsim nyog rau tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, chav kawm ntawm kev noj gelatin hmoov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev:

• Txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke thiab ua kom cov leeg muaj zog.
• Saturates lub hlwb nrog cov kab lus thiab ua kom nws ua tau zoo.
• Zoo rau lub paj hlwb.
• Txhim kho qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom hauv lub cev.

Tsis muaj teeb meem los ntawm gelatin. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau siv ceev faj los ntawm cov neeg muaj kab mob:

• Kidney.
• Atherosclerosis.

Agar-agar

Cov khoom lag luam yog tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab. Nws yog tau los ntawm lub sij hawm ntev digestion ntawm gelling tshuaj los ntawmalgae. Ces lub resulting loj yog lim thiab qhuav.

Tsim cov khoom no hauv theem. Ua ntej, cov algae raug ntxuav kom huv si, tom qab ntawd kho nrog ntau yam alkalis thiab ntxuav dua. Tom qab ntawd, mus rau kev ua noj thiab lim. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom yuav raug ziab thiab nias. Cov theem kawg yog kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom.

Agar-agar feem ntau yog siv los ua zaub hloov rau gelatin ua tus neeg sawv cev hauv kev ua noj. Nws yog noteworthy tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tau xa los ntawm tus poj niam ntawm tus naas ej microbiologist W alter Hesse. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau piav qhia txog cov khoom gelling ntawm algae thiab ua nto moo hauv cov voj voog kev tshawb fawb.

Cov tshuaj ntxiv no muaj cov khoom muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab siv rau hauv kev ua noj ntawm kev lag luam. Lub hauv paus yog muab rho tawm liab lossis xim av algae ntawm Indian thiab Pacific Oceans, nrog rau Hiav Txwv Dub.

Ntse thiab txiaj ntsig

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no:

• Speed thiab lub zog gelling.
• Virtually tsis saj lossis tsw.
• Ua tiav hauv dej sov.

Agar-agar yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob qib - siab tshaj (muaj xim lub teeb) thiab qib thawj (los ntawm nplua nuj daj mus rau xim av). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntxiv yog ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Nws lub zog gelling yog 1 ntawm 300. Nws yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev gelling rau jams thiab confectionery.

Siv cov khoom no:

• Saturated nrog cov vitamins, minerals thiab amino acids.
• No calories.
• txo qis cov roj cholesterol.
• Txhim kho lub plab zom mov thiab txhawb nqa microflora.
• Txo acidity.
• Cia lub cev ntawm co toxins thiab co toxins.

Yog tias koj haus agar-agar ntau tshaj plaub grams tauj ib hnub, raws plab thiab mob plab hnyuv. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov no thiab ua raws li cov tshuaj.

Pectin

Tus neeg nrhiav pom ntawm cov tshuaj gelling no yog Henri Braccono, tus kws tshuaj Fab Kis uas cais pectin los ntawm kua txiv plum. Txawm li cas los xij, peb cov neeg niaj hnub, thaum kawm cov ntawv sau ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub, tuaj hla ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm "cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dej khov", uas tsis yaj. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog suav tias yog thawj qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv pectin.

Hauv Greek thaum ub, pectin txhais tau tias "coagulated". Nws muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tej yam zaub thiab algae. Pectin khaws cov dej noo, ua kom lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom.

koob tshuaj pectin ib hnub uas tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv yog 15-25g, uas sib haum rau 1.5-2.5 kg ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem noj ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yog li koj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis txaus nrog kev pab ntawm pectin-muaj kev npaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas pectin sib ntaus zoo nrog qhov hnyav tshaj yog tias koj noj nws ob puas mus rau peb puas grams ib hnub.

Hnub no cov khoom loj ntawm pectin tau tsim. Rau cov neeg uas xav paub dab tsi gelling tus neeg sawv cev muab tso rau hauv jam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias pectin yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm kev ua kis las, khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev kho mob. Nws yog muab rau hauv daim ntawvhmoov rau kissels, jams thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Pectin kuj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kua. Cov khoom no yog siv los ua noj.

Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos rau kev tsim pectin yog citrus tev, kua thiab qab zib beet pulp, paj paj paj. Los ntawm nees nkaum tons ntawm txiv apple pomace, ib tuj ntawm pectin tau txais.

txiaj ntsig ntawm pectin

Ntxiv rau kev siv cov khoom no hauv kev ua noj, nws yog siv tshuaj. Tom qab ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb, nws lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tau tshwm sim.

Cancer yog ib yam kab mob uas ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm tiam no. Cov kws tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntiaj teb tab tom sim nrhiav tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab cov tib neeg zoo tib yam siv tshuaj ib txwm siv. Pectin tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm no.

Cov kab mob qog noj ntshav zoo li txuas, yog li cov qog nce ntxiv, thiab cov metastases kis thoob plaws lub cev. Gal3 protein pom nyob rau hauv lub cev txuas malignant thiab noj qab nyob zoo hlwb, yog li pab mob qog noj ntshav. Nyob rau hauv lem, pectin blocks Gal3 thiab fights metastases. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev mob qog noj ntshav, koj yuav tsum noj ntau cov zaub mov uas muaj pectin noj qab haus huv.

Ntawm no yog qee yam ntawm lawv:

• Mid-latitude txiv hmab txiv ntoo - txiv apples, pears, apricots, plums.
• Southern fruits - txiv duaj, figs, bananas, melons, mangoes, pineapples.
• Berry - blueberries, strawberries, hnub.
• zaub - carrots, beets.

cov txiaj ntsig Pectin:

• Kev nyab xeeb tshem tawm cov hlau hnyav thiab cov xov tooj cua hauv lub cev.
• Sib ntaus cov kab mob microbes, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiaj ntsigplab hnyuv microflora.
• Txo cov ntshav qab zib.
• Tiv thaiv cem quav.
• Saturates lub cev nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.
• Pab kom koj poob phaus.

Starch

Cov tshuaj yog hmoov dawb, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis qab. Reacts nrog dej los tsim cov khoom nplaum. Hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab muaj nyob rau hauv nplooj thiab stems, nyob rau hauv lwm tus - nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab noob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem tawg ua suab thaj, yog li nourishing cov nroj tsuag. Tib yam tshwm sim hauv peb lub cev.

Muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov nplej thiab legumes, qos yaj ywm, txiv tsawb thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag. Nws yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev gelling rau jams, jelly.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab:

• Nyob rau hauv plab microorganisms.
• Tiv thaiv kom nqus tau cov tshuaj lom.
• Pab nrog plab zom mov.
• Txoov qhov mob hauv plab hnyuv.
• Txhob cem cem thiab cem quav.

Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tshaj plaws yog qos yaj ywm, tab sis pob kws, tapioca, nplej thiab nplej kuj raug tsim tawm. Hauv kev tsim khoom noj, pob kws hmoov nplej yog siv. Nws muaj ntau qhov zoo dua lwm hom - qhov tsis muaj xim, saj thiab tsw, nws tuaj yeem khov thiab ua kom sov suav tsis tau sijhawm.

Muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau los ntawm kev hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Refined starch yog ib qho nyuajzom los ntawm lub cev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv:

• Txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis.
• Ua rau plab hnyuv thiab flatulence.
• nce qib insulin.
• Kev tsis pom kev zoo.
• ua rau xeev siab thiab ntuav.
• Txhim kho cov hlab ntsha.

Starch yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog hauv kev tsim khoom noj, tab sis kuj hauv kev lag luam teeb (textile thiab ntawv).

Carrageenan

Tus neeg sawv cev gelling no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tsiaj pub. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog khaws cov dej noo thiab hloov cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom qub mus rau ib qho jelly. Carrageenan tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig lossis kev noj haus muaj zog. Nws yog tau los ntawm synthesis ntawm liab algae thiab muab faib ua 3 pawg:

1. Kappa-carrageenan. Nws muaj lub zog gelling zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tsiaj noj thiab cov khoom noj nqaij.
2. Yotta-carrageenan. Cov yam ntxwv los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj ncua.
3. Lambda carrageenan. Tsis siv rau gelling Cheebtsam.

Guar gum (E412)

Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm kev ua cov noob ntawm guar taum. Nws yog ib qho instant dawb hmoov uas inhibits cov txheej txheem ntawm ice crystallization.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Guar Gum:

• Hypoallergenic.
• Y Txo cov roj cholesterol.
• Kev qab los noj mov.
• Tshem tawm toxins.

Guar cov pos hniav yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus rau kev poob phaus. Nrog kev tswj tsis tau thiab siv ntau dhau, cov teeb meem yuav tshwm simua kom tuag taus. Cov tshuaj ntxiv tsis yog qhov txwv tsis pub siv tab sis yuav tsum tau siv me me

E412 yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj, ntau yam kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, jellies thiab jams, khoom noj khoom haus. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom nqaij nws yog siv los ua ib tug stabilizer. Guar cov pos hniav kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev lag luam thee, hauv kev tsim cov ntawv thiab textiles.

Siv hauv cosmetology

Tsis tshua muaj cov tshuaj gelling feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom kom zoo nkauj.

Vim tias pectin muaj cov kab mob bactericidal, nws yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj pleev thiab cov tshuaj pleev ib ce nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

Gelatin feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom styling rau cov plaub hau, nrog rau cov tshuaj pleev nrog cov nyhuv rov qab.

Agar-agar yog ntxiv rau cov khoom tu tawv nqaij tiv thaiv kev laus.

daim npog qhov ncauj thiab cream nrog hmoov txhuv nplej siab zoo kawg nkaus thiab moisturize ntawm daim tawv nqaij.