2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27
Nyob hauv Austria muaj cov lus qhia zoo li no: "Tsis txhob haus cawv - hu ua neeg ruam." Cov dej haus no muaj nuj nqis heev hauv lub tebchaws no. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog yog lub ncov ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Austrian winemaking. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov zaub mov txawv tshwj xeeb tau tsim tawm uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Ua tsaug rau daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb tsim, tag nrho cov tsw ntawm Austrian grapes yog khaws cia.
Austrian winemaking
Ntawm lub teb chaws no, kev kos duab ua cawv txiv hmab yog ib qho qub tshaj plaws. Raws li archaeologists, thawj zaug hais txog winemaking tshwm nyob rau hauv Bronze Age. Qhov tseeb no yog pov thawj los ntawm amphorae rau caw pom nyob rau hauv Austria, yos rov qab mus rau 2700 BC.
Cov neeg Loos thawj zaug pib viticulture nyob rau xyoo pua ob BC. Tab sis txawm tias ua ntej lub sijhawm ntawd, tib neeg paub txhua yam ntawm kev saib xyuas cov vaj txiv hmab thiab ua cov cawv txiv ntoo uas cov dej haus tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Charlemagne thiab Otto lub Great tau ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau thaj chaw no, lawv tau qhia txog txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev sau npe viticulture. Raws li txoj cai tsim, lawv tau muab ntawv hla tebchaws rau cov neeg ua haujlwm rauvaj txiv hmab. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau dhau mus rau lub vaj txiv hmab, txwv tsis pub nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv nws thaj chaw. Lub sijhawm ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lub hnub qub ntawm winemaking hauv Austria.
Txog hnub no, 5700 hectares ntawm thaj av tau nyob los ntawm cov vaj txiv hmab. Nrog thawj rays ntawm lub hnub, active kev ua hauj lwm pib rau lawv. Flowering ntawm grapes tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 8-10 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, txiv hmab txiv ntoo khi.
Wine in Austria yog suav tias yog cov hluas txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 11 xyoo no txog rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 11 xyoo tom ntej.
Grape ntau yam
Muaj plaub thaj chaw loj hlob cawv hauv Austria. Thawj ntawm lawv yog Vienna, lossis Vienna. Lub cheeb tsam yog characterized los ntawm toj thiab ntsuab suburbs. Cov cheeb tsam no yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv uas cov vineyards nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Lawv nyob rau sab hnub poob. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj loj hlob muaj yog Gruner Veltliner. Tus neeg sawv cev no muaj lub teeb me ntsis. Dawb wine yog tau nrog ib tug refined iab.
Burgenland suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb thib ob. Cov cheeb tsam hauv nqe lus nug yog nto moo rau nws cov qab zib thiab liab wines. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau winemakers vim hais tias nws yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb uas cov pwm noble tshwm ntawm berries. Cov cheeb tsam hauv nqe lus nug yog nto moo rau nws cov cawv qab zib thiab qhuav dawb wines. Ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua tau zoo, cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam nco txog Bouvier, Neuburger, Rulender, Furmint, Scheurebe thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau liab grapes loj hlob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no,uas muaj lub teeb qab zib thiab saj me me.
Lub npe nrov thib peb thaj av yog Niederosterreich, Lower Austria. Ntawm no cov vineyards nyob rau hauv txawv sub-regions. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no uas nto moo "Gruner Veltliner" yog zus - ib tug grape ntau yam uas nws berries muaj ib tug peculiar nplua nuj thiab refined saj. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw Austrian no yog suav tias yog "riesling", uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob, muab kev nplua nuj saj rau cawv. Zirfandler txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog txawv los ntawm nws cov qab zib thiab haum rau zus tau tej cov cawv dawb.
Thaj chaw kawg nto moo rau nws lub teeb acidic cawv yog Styria, sab qab teb ntawm Austria. Welshriesling, Gelber Muskateller, Müller Thurgau, Pinot Blanc, Rulander, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay yog zus nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov toj roob hauv pes thiab kev nyab xeeb ua rau muaj kev saj me ntsis nrog acidity me ntsis.
Kev faib tawm ntawm Austrian wines
Kev faib cov cawv txiv hmab los ntawm Austria yog raws li cov piam thaj hauv cov dej cawv tiav lawm. Qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem ntsuas tau siv lub tsev qhia tshwj xeeb - KMW. Cov ntawv luv yog rau Klosterneuburg wort hnyav lub rooj. 1 KMW yog 1 gram suab thaj ib 100 grams ntawm grape yuav tsum, uas yog kwv yees li sib npaug zos rau 5 ° Esclay.
Table wines:
- Landwein – min. 14° KMW;
- Tafelwein – min.13° KMW.
Zoo wines:
- Kabinettwein - min. 17° KMW;
- Qualitatswein - min. 15° KMW.
Cov cawv txiv hmab zoo (txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej lub cim):
- Ausbruch - min. 27 ° KMW - xav tau ib qho overripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ib txwm raisined thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm noble pwm.
- Auslese - min. 21 ° KMW - txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug xaiv rau qhov zoo, tsuas yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas paub tab xav tau.
- Beerenauslese - min. 25 ° KMW - nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo overripe ntawm kev sau lig, qee zaum cuam tshuam los ntawm cov pwm zoo.
- Spatlese - min. 19 ° KMW - tsuas yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo puv nkaus xwb.
- Trockenbeerenauslese (Trockenbeerenauslese) - min. 30 ° KMW - overripe berries raug xaiv, tom qab ib txwm raisined thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm noble pwm.
Gruner Veltliner
Cov txiv hmab no yog suav tias yog ib qho nrov tshaj plaws hauv Austria thiab loj hlob tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw no. Berries ntawm no ntau yam ripen tom qab tshaj lwm tus. Los ntawm xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb, wine yog tau nrog ib tug kaj fruity aroma ntawm pear, txiv kab ntxwv, txiv qaub. Vim lub fact tias ntau yam nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug muaj ib tug siab acidity, dhau sij hawm, lub saj tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb sophistication.
Wine Grüner Veltliner muaj ob qhov sib txawv saj yam ntxwv. Thawj qhov yog freshness thiab lub teeb sau ntawv ntawm citrus. Qhov thib ob yog sharpness, richness ntawm saj, uas yog tiav los ntawm lub caij nyoog aging ntawm cov dej haus nyob rau hauv ib tug wine cellar. Thaum cov cawv txiv hmab siavzib mu thiab marmalade flavors thiab ib tug sib sib zog nqus golden xim yuav pom nyob rau hauv no hom.
Unique ice wine
Ib qho ntawm Austria cov cim lag luam yog Icewine, ib qho cawv uas ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov khoom qab zib qab zib wines. Thaum sau thiab nyem cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov kub yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm -7 ° C.
Txias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov cawv no los ntawm Austria. Cov dej uas muaj cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov, tab sis cov kua qaub thiab cov suab thaj tsis ua.
Qhov peculiarity ntawm Icewine yog tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov lawm. Thaum nyob hauv lub tebchaws uas muaj huab cua sov, winemakers khov berries artificially. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom kawg yuav pom tseeb txawv ntawm cov cawv ua raws li daim ntawv qhia classic.
Cov dej haus no muaj tus nqi siab, txij li 15 kg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov yog xav tau los tsim 350 ml ntawm cawv. Txhawm rau npaj hom dej cawv no, siv ntau hom Riesling lossis Vidal Blanc.
xeev tswj
txhawm rau tswj cov cawv uas tsim tawm, qee cov cai ntim khoom tau tsim hauv Austria. Ntawm lub kaus mom liab thiab dawb (raws li cov xim ntawm tus chij) lawv muab lub xeev tswj tus lej, uas txhais tau hais tias cov dej haus tau ntim hauv lub tebchaws no thiab ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo.
Austrian cov khoom dhau los ntawm ob theem ntawm kev tswj hwm. Thawj kauj ruam yog xyuas cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov dej haus. Nyob rau theem thib ob, cawv los ntawm Austria tau txais kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus kws tshaj lijtasting Committee. Cov neeg sawv cev hauv cheeb tsam kuj tau lees paub rau lub cheeb tsam zoo ib yam.
DAG wine - yog dab tsi?
Cov ntawv sau luv ua suab zoo li Districtus Austriae Controllatus. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tswj cov zus tau tej cov tej yam kev mob ntawm lub regional wines. Yog tias koj pom DAG tom qab lub npe cawv thiab cheeb tsam, nws txhais tau tias qhov no yog tus sawv cev ntawm thaj av Austrian wine.
Hauv txoj kev xav, txhua tus neeg ua cawv Austrian tuaj yeem tsim cov cawv txiv hmab zoo los ntawm 35 tau tshaj tawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, lawv loj hlob tsuas yog cov ntau yam uas muab ib tug siab yield nyob rau hauv lawv vineyards. Ua ntej koj pib loj hlob ib qho tshwj xeeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account, ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam cawv, kuj yog kev lag luam. Txhua thaj chaw cog qoob loo muaj npe nrov rau nws ntau yam, uas, vim muaj huab cua, nthuav tawm tag nrho cov pob paj ntawm saj thiab aroma.
Txoj cai haus cawv
Kom hnov qab txhua qhov tsw, koj yuav tsum tau haus cawv txiv hmab kom raug. Muaj ntau txoj cai rau qhov no:
- Tuav ib khob cawv los ntawm qia nrog koj tus ntiv tes xoo thiab ntiv tes xoo, tsis yog los ntawm iav nws tus kheej. Qhov no yog vim qhov cua sov ntawm xib teg tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov dej haus.
- Ua ntej haus, nws raug nquahu kom ntswj lub khob ntawm koj txhais tes kom cov cawv txiv hmab kov cov phab ntsa ntau li ntau tau. Saib cov tint ntawm cov dej haus li cov roj tee ntws los ntawm lub khob.
- Tom qabTom qab koj pom qhov ntsuas dej haus, siv sijhawm so thiab maj mam nqus cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub khob. Sim ntes tag nrho cov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm aroma. Tom qab ntawd noj me me, nqus pa, thiab tom qab ntawd nqos dej.
- Caw tsis ib txwm qhia nws cov palette tag nrho hauv nws daim ntawv purest. Qee zaum koj yuav tsum tau dilute cov dej haus nrog dej ntxhia. Hauv qhov no, sib tov cawv nrog dej hauv qhov piv ntawm peb mus rau ib qho.
Cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas
Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov kev xav ntawm tib neeg, lawv txawv. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau hom wines uas nyiam sib npaug. Grüner Veltliner, Weissburgurden thiab Riesling tau dhau los ua cov qauv zoo li no. Tag nrho cov dej qab zib uas tau teev tseg yog cov cawv dawb qhuav lossis, raws li lawv hu ua, Trocken. Tab sis tej zaum lawv tsis muaj sij hawm los ferment kiag li. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem hnov qab qab zib thiab pom cov npuas hauv lub khob. Yog hais tias koj ntseeg hais tias cov tshuaj xyuas ntawm wines los ntawm Austria, ces rau lovers ntawm dawb qab zib, "Eiswein" yog haum - ib tug caw hu ua dej khov. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qab zib hauv cov dej haus no yog ntuj, vim nws yog tsim los ntawm khov berries, yuav luag raisins.
Pom zoo:
Bars ntawm Smolensk: txheej txheem cej luam, ntawv qhia zaub mov, chaw nyob thiab cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas
Nyob qhov twg los so nrog phooj ywg thiab cov neeg hlub? Hauv tsab xov xwm no, cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws pubs thiab tuav hauv Smolensk. Cov chaw lag luam nrov, kev piav qhia ntawm sab hauv, huab cua, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus (cov tais diav loj, khoom noj txom ncauj, dej cawv)
St. Petersburg tsev noj mov yog qhov zoo thiab pheej yig: txheej txheem cej luam, ntawv qhia zaub mov, chaw nyob thiab cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas
Nrhiav qee qhov chaw txaus nyiam nyob hauv St. Petersburg? Nrog rau sab hauv zoo, cozy, atmospheric? Thiab ua kom qab thiab pheej yig? Xav tias nws yog fantasy? Thiab ntawm no nws tsis yog. Peb caw koj tuaj xyuas ib lub tsev noj mov los ntawm kev xaiv thiab pom koj tus kheej
Khoom noj khoom haus concentrates: txheej txheem cej luam, kev faib tawm, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Peb tsab xov xwm yuav qhia txog cov zaub mov concentrates, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov kev siv, kev cai cia thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub
Cafes thiab tsev noj mov hauv Pskov: txheej txheem cej luam, zaub mov, chaw nyob thiab cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas
Hnub no lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm peb tsab xov xwm yuav yog kev sib tham ntawm cov chaw lag luam xws li tsev noj mov. Pskov yog lub nroog me me, yog li nrhiav cov khw noj mov zoo tiag tiag ntawm no yog qhov yooj yim heev. Cia wb tham sai sai rau qhov nthuav tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cafes thiab cov chaw zoo sib xws. Cov khw noj mov ntawm Pskov yuav tuaj yeem ua rau koj xav tsis thoob
Tsev noj mov ntawm Uzbekistan: txheej txheem cej luam, piav qhia, chaw nyob, ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab tshuaj xyuas cov neeg siv khoom
Yog tias ob peb xyoos dhau los cov khw noj mov tsuas yog tuaj xyuas los ntawm cov pej xeem nplua nuj, niaj hnub no txawm tias cov neeg nruab nrab tuaj yeem them taus mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom zoo li no. Puas muaj peev xwm niaj hnub no los xav txog kev tshoob kos, kev sib sau ua phooj ywg, hnub ua koob tsheej, rooj sib tham ntawm cov kawm tiav, kev sib tham hauv lwm qhov chaw? Tsis yog
