Koj puas paub tias fermentation yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo heev

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Yuav ua li cas fermentation yog, txhua tus neeg tej zaum xav txog. Ib tug tsuas yog tso cov mis nyuj, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, compote los yog kua zaub sov rau ib pliag, thiab npuas pib tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw, thiab cov khoom nws tus kheej muaj qaub tsw. Tib neeg tau kawm ntev los kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg no, tau txais cov khoom tshiab nrog nws cov kev pab. Niaj hnub no peb xav qhia koj ntau ntxiv txog fermentation. Qhov no yog ib lub ntsiab lus nthuav heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj qhov tsis ntseeg.

Short description

Tom qab peb xam pom tias nws yog dab tsi, peb yuav tsum muab cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb. Yog li, fermentation yog ib qho nyuaj (rau tag nrho nws qhov yooj yim pom tseeb) tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov suab thaj uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom yog hloov mus rau hauv ethyl cawv, lactic acid. Qhov kawg yog nyob ntawm cov khoom pib, nrog rau tsev neeg cov kab mob koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ib txwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej ntuj. Nws yuav kwv yees tau tsuas yog tias cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tau soj ntsuam nruj me ntsis.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm carbohydrates rau cawv

hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cawv txiv hmab thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo cider vinegar, hauv kev npaj cov poov xab ua khob noom cookie, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, qhov no yog txheej txheem uas tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam kab mob. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab ethyl cawv tau ua kom nquag plias. Tau kawg, tsis tsuas yog qhov no, hauv chav kuaj nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab tso tawm carboxylic acids thiab lwm yam cawv. Ruddy qhob cij thiab tsw qab, noj qab haus huv kua cider vinegar - tag nrho cov no yog cov khoom uas peb tau txais ua tsaug rau cov poov xab kab mob ntawm genus Saccharomyces.

Lactic acid fermentation

Cov mis nyuj noj qab nyob zoo, tsev cheese qab thiab cheese zoo heev - tag nrho cov khoom no muab rau peb cov fermentation ntawm mis nyuj. Nws tsis tshwm sim los ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob. Hauv qhov no, cov kab mob lactic acid yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov cov mis nyuj rau hauv cov khoom tshiab. Hauv cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb, qhov no yog hloov cov suab thaj rau hauv lactic acid, thaum peb tau txais ib qho me me ntawm hydrogen thiab pyruvic acid. Qhov no txawv ntawm ob pawg ntawm cov kab mob: cocci thiab rod-zoo li tus kab mob.

thawj pab pawg yog homofermentative: lactic acid streptococcus, creamy thiab thermophilic streptococcus. Cov pab pawg thib ob yog cov kab mob atypical, lawv yog cov neeg nyob ruaj khov ntawm peb cov hnyuv. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, tsis yog lactic nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tsim cov acetic acid.

YButyric fermentation

Cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg no heevzoo ib yam li cov uas tau piav saum toj no. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog tias cov kab mob uas muab cov txheej txheem no koom nrog ntau hom. Butyric fermentation yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob anaerobic. Lawv hloov ntau cov carbohydrates, nrog rau cov cawv ntau dua, rau hauv butyric acid. Qhov no tsim kom muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pa roj. Qhov no feem ntau yog carbon dioxide thiab hydrogen.

Qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws uas qhov fermentation tshwm sim yog +30 - +40 degrees. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov txheej txheem mus zoo nrog ib tug nruab nrab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem mus rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic, tab sis qhov no, butyl cawv thiab acetone accumulates.

Kev txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm butyric fermentation

Tsis tas li fermentation yog ib qho txiaj ntsig thiab tsim nyog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv particular, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no, butyric acid raug tso tawm, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib qho iab saj thiab pungent tsw. Tab sis cov esters muaj qhov tsw qab ntxiag ntawm paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov no yog vim li cas vim li cas lawv thiaj li tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam confectionery thiab naj hoom. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, butyric fermentation feem ntau ua rau kev puas tsuaj, vim nws yog qhov no uas feem ntau ua rau cov qos yaj ywm thiab zaub, o ntawm cheeses. Vim nws, cov kaus poom tawg, mis nyuj thiab qaub cream mus rancid.

Lwm hom fermentation

Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau ntau. Txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg uas tshwm sim nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov suab thaj thaum lub neej ntawm cov kab mob yog fermentation. Qhov tshwm sim yog tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide, cawv thiab ua tiav kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom pib.

Muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheejprotein fermentation txheej txheem. Cov kab mob Putrefactive anaerobic muaj peev xwm ferment tsis tsuas yog carbohydrates, tab sis kuj cov proteins, vim hais tias lawv yog cov tiag tiag orderlies ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Organics tau tawg mus rau qib ntawm cov amino acids. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, xws li lub voj voog ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb heev.

Hom tom ntej yog propionic acid fermentation. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm qee cov kab mob los ntawm genus Propionibacterium. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, propionic thiab acetic acids raug tsim. Ntau cov kua qaub hauv kev tsim khoom yog tsim los ntawm kev pab ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Piv txwv li, oxalic acid, uas hloov mus rau hauv succinic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau cov nceb nceb ferment suab thaj nrog kev tsim ntawm citric acid. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm citric acid uas tau txais hauv kev tsim khoom yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm pwm fungi.

Yog li, nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias fermentation yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, ob qho tib si los ntawm peb lub siab nyiam (hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam) thiab los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom (qhov kub thiab txias, nruab nrab cov khoom noj). Paub txog kev tswj cov txheej txheem no, peb tuaj yeem tig lawv kom zoo, thaum tiv thaiv fermentation qhov twg nws tsis xav tau thiab txhawb qhov twg nws yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.