Cheeb tsam Bordeaux, cawv: kev faib tawm thiab kev piav qhia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hom ntawm "Bordeaux"
Cheeb tsam Bordeaux, cawv: kev faib tawm thiab kev piav qhia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hom ntawm "Bordeaux"
Anonim

Cov neeg Loos tau tsim cov kab lis kev cai ntawm winemaking rau Fabkis rov qab rau xyoo pua 6. BC e. Lawv yuam kom cov Gauls cog vines nrog hluav taws thiab ntaj. Tom qab 500 xyoo, cov neeg Loos tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov vaj txiv hmab ntawm Gaul, vim lawv tau dhau los ua kev hem thawj rau txhua qhov kev lag luam imperial. Tsuas yog txoj kev hlub ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv qhov dej haus noble twb tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm, lawv pib dua. Tam sim no, wines ntawm Fabkis yog ib tug qauv, cov kws txawj los ntawm tag nrho cov lwm lub teb chaws yog sib npaug rau nws. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav muab cov lus piav qhia ntawm Bordeaux wines, kawm ntxiv txog lawv keeb kwm, xav txog kev faib thiab lwm yam teeb meem.

Bordeaux wines
Bordeaux wines

Cia tham txog thaj chaw nto moo tshaj plaws Fabkis txoj cawv.

Bordeaux

Bordeaux yog thaj av qub tshaj plaws. Nws nyob hauv huab cua huab cua ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic. Liab caw los ntawm Bordeaux yog lub ntiaj teb tus qauv zoo. Rau kev tsim cov cawv, feem ntau yog siv 4 hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc thiab Malbec. Tus nqi nyob ntawm seb muaj koob meej npaum li caschaw tsim tshuaj paus, xyoo twg ntawm sau thiab laus, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no haum haum rau ripening thiab loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis yog ib txwm tsim.

Thaj av tau faib ua ob peb lub npe, nto moo tshaj plaws uas yog Graves, Medoc, Sauternes thiab Saint-Emilion. Keeb kwm, liab caw los ntawm Bordeaux yog muag feem ntau los ntawm me me ntiag tug vaj tse hu ua Château. Lawv ua raws li lawv tej poj koob yawm txwv tej kev cai thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas lawv cov khoom zoo.

Stamps:

  • Chateau Briot;
  • Chateau Bellevue la Mongie;
  • Chateau Marjosse;
  • Chateau Cavale Blanche;
  • Chateau Memoire.

Burgundy

Burgundy yog thaj av cawv nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Fabkis, nrog rau tag nrho ntev txog 200 km. Nws muaj yuav luag ib puas appellations. Nws cultivates feem ntau Aligote thiab Chardonnay grape ntau yam. Vim muaj huab cua sib txawv thiab cov av sib txawv, cov cawv dawb Burgundy paub txog lawv cov ntau yam ntawm flavors. Cov chaw cog qoob loo muaj koob meej tshaj plaws: Haute-Cote, Côte thiab Chablis, Chalonnay thiab Maconnay.

Champagne

Champagne yog qhov chaw yug ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab. Cov cheeb tsam no nyob rau yav qab teb Fabkis nyob ze ciam teb nrog Luxembourg thiab Belgium. Tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov dej haus yog Pierre Perignon (ib tug yawg Benedictine), uas yog thawj zaug rau ob-ferment cawv.

Champagne tsim cov rosé thiab dawb sparkling wines. Nws siv 2 hom xim liab ntawm Pinot Meunier thiab Pinot Noir, nrog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb Chardonnay.

Beaujolais

Beaujolaisyog ib cheeb tsam me me nyob ze Lyon, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias continental. Winemakers tsuas yog siv 1 hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo hu ua Gamay. Vim muaj tej yam ntuj tso, Beaujolais cawv tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nws qhib rau hnub Thursday thib 3 ntawm lub Kaum Ib Hlis hauv tib lub xyoo sau qoob loo, tom qab ntawd nws tau qaug dej qaug cawv mus txog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Fabkis tau tsim thiab ua kom nrov nrov "Beaujolais Nouveau" - kev ua koob tsheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cawv. Tam sim no nws tau ua kev zoo siab thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

liab caw los ntawm Bordeaux
liab caw los ntawm Bordeaux

Bordeaux Terroir

Zoo zoo nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Fabkis, lossis zoo dua, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic, Bordeaux npog tag nrho Gironde department. Cov dej ntws los ntawm Bordeaux. Dordogne, Garonne thiab ntau yam me me ntws. Qhov no ib txwm txaus siab qhov xav tau ntawm cov dej noo tas li ntawm ntau lub vaj txiv hmab hauv cheeb tsam.

Climate

Bordeaux temperate huab cua muab:

  • lub qhov ncauj ntawm Gironde thiab muaj cov dej;
  • kev cuam tshuam ntawm dej hiav txwv sov tam sim no ntawm Gulf Stream, uas tswj huab cua thiab ua kom huab cua sov hauv cheeb tsam;
  • Landish hav zoov, uas yog kev tiv thaiv zoo heev los ntawm cua los ntawm sab hnub poob.

Av ntau ntau

Ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm Gironde thiab ntawm sab laug ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Garonne, cov av feem ntau yog pob zeb xuab zeb tso los ntawm Garonne. Xws li cov av pob zeb (gravel, pebbles, xuab zeb) khaws cov cua sov kom zoo thiab lim dej, uas pab tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ripening ntawm grapes. Nruab nrab ntawm Dordogne thiab Garonne, cov av feem ntau yog clayey-calcareous. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab xis ntawm Dordogne koj tuaj yeem pom heevIb tug loj palette ntawm cov av ntawm ntau yam compositions: calcareous, av nplaum, stony sands, xuab zeb - lawv tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm khaws tau los nag. Yog li ntawd, lub vaj txiv hmab tas li tau txais cov dej noo ntau.

Bordeaux: txheeb cais hauv tus lej

Feem ntau, cov vaj txiv hmab hauv zos muaj txog 120 txhiab hectares. Bordeaux yog thaj av loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. 11% ntawm cov vineyards yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb, 89% - liab ntau yam.

Kwv yees li 6 lab hectoliters cawv tau tsim hauv Bordeaux txhua xyoo. Qhuav, dawb, liab, rosé wines "Bordeaux", sparkling, qab zib dawb yog qaug dej qaug cawv thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv 2007, kev muag khoom ntawm wines hauv zos yog 760 lab fwj muaj nqis 3.4 billion euros. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 67% ntawm cov cawv tau noj ncaj qha hauv Fabkis thiab 33% ntxiv yog xa tawm.

Bordeaux kua txiv
Bordeaux kua txiv

chaw cog qoob loo

Cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam:

  1. Barsac thiab Sauternes - tsim cawv "Bordeaux" dawb qhuav, qab zib.
  2. Graves thiab Medoc. Cov vaj txiv hmab nyob ntawm sab laug ntug dej ntawm Garonne.
  3. Libourne (Libournais) - Pomerol, Saint-Emilion, Fronsac, nrog rau lawv cov satellites. Cov vaj txiv hmab nyob rau ntawm ntug dej sab xis ntawm Dordogne.
  4. Entre-de-Mer - vineyards nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus dej Dordogne thiab Garonne. Lawv ua cawv dawb "Bordeaux".
  5. Cote de Bordeaux. Cov vaj txiv hmab nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Garonne, Dordogne thiab Gironde.
  6. Bordeaux thiab Bordeaux Superior (Bordeaux Superior, Bordeaux). Cov vineyards no nyob thoob plawsregion.

History

French wine "Bordeaux" muaj keeb kwm nthuav dav. Keeb kwm ntawm winemaking ntawm no muaj txog 2 txhiab xyoo. Cov pab pawg Biturigi, uas nyob hauv Aquitaine, nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Gaul, tau cog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tsis muaj dej noo hu ua Biturica ntawm no. Nws yog suav hais tias yog poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Bordeaux Cabernet Sauvignon nto moo. Lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm Biturigs yog Burdigala - hnub no Bordeaux. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev kov yeej ntawm Bituriges los ntawm cov neeg Loos tau coj kev paub tshiab hauv kev ua cawv txiv hmab, thiab Gallic cawv tsis ntev tau pib sib tw nrog cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Italian vineyards.

Xyoo 1152, Duchess of Aquitaine thiab Henry II Plantagenet tau sib yuav, thiab thaj chaw no tau dhau los ua ib lub xeev Askiv rau peb puas xyoo tom ntej, uas tau txiav txim siab nws txoj hmoo ua tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cawv rau tag nrho cov tebchaws Askiv. Vim yog Tsov Rog Ntau Ntau Xyoo, kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo raug cuam tshuam, thiab hauv 1453, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Castillon, Aquitaine rov qab los rau Fabkis.

Lub xyoo pua 19 yog nto moo rau kev lag luam kev lag luam loj hlob ntawm Bordeaux. Wines ntawm thaj av tau pib soj ntsuam raws li cov qauv tshiab. Lawv nyob rau hauv kev xav tau zoo, uas coj cov khoom siv zoo rau lawv cov neeg tsim khoom. Kev faib npe nto moo ntawm wines tau txais hauv xyoo 1855 hauv Bordeaux. Wines tseem raug txiav txim los ntawm nws hnub no.

Nyob hauv Bordeaux, wines pib muab cais raws li kev soj ntsuam ntau xyoo, thiab tsuas yog ruaj khov zoo tau lees tias cov dej haus nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv hierarchy. Yog li, tsuas yog qhov kev ntsuas kom tau txais kev ua liaj ua teb rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe no yog qhov zoo ntawm nws cov khoom, nrog rau nwspov thawj los ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub lub peev xwm tas li los tsim cov khoom zoo.

Bordeaux wine classification
Bordeaux wine classification

Bordeaux wines: kev faib tawm

Kev faib tawm thib 1 tau luam tawm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1855 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Napoleon III. Qhov no tau ua los sawv cev rau cov cawv ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Exhibition uas muaj nyob rau hauv Paris. Nyob rau hauv Bordeaux, Chamber of Commerce entrusted lub compilation ntawm cov Classification rau "Syndicate ntawm Commercial Intermediaries", uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Bourse ntawm Bordeaux. Tom qab ntawd muaj ib txoj hauj lwm los tsim ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab, uas yuav ua raws li ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub. Nws qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm terroir, nrog rau qhov zoo-deserved koob meej. Kev faib tawm suav nrog 60 hom cawv liab.

Nws tau txais kev faib khoom loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hierarchy tsim los ntawm nws, suav nrog tsib chav kawm ntawm Grand Cru, tau lees paub deb dhau ntawm cov kev tshaj lij tshwj xeeb. Hauv ntau tshaj 150 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, qhov kev faib tawm no tsuas yog hloov pauv xwb: Chateau Mouton Rothschild yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Grand Crus hauv 1973.

Caw "Bordeaux" qhuav liab, suav nrog hauv thawj qhov kev faib tawm, tsuas yog los ntawm sab laug ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Garonne, txij li thaum ntawd nws tau ua lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab xis ntawm Dordogne, hauv Libourne, tsis muaj Chamber of Commerce hauv cheeb tsam - nws tsuas yog tsim nyob rau xyoo 1910.

thawj thiab thib ob cawv

Thawj yog cov dej haus muaj koob npe ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qub. Lawv muaj peev xwm laus laus thiab muaj zog tannin qauv. Lawv tsim wines nyob rau hauv Bordeaux thiab lub thib ob - lawvua los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas vineyards, thaum muaj ib tug sib zog thiab ntau fruity cim. Lawv tuaj yeem noj tau thaum tseem hluas.

Grape ntau yam

Wines "Bordeaux" yog yug los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Dawb ntau yam: 11% ntawm tag nrho cov vineyard. Liab ntau yam: 89% ntawm tag nrho cov vineyard.

Fabkis bordeaux wine
Fabkis bordeaux wine

Merlot

Muaj thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws, uas yog 62% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw uas yog nyob hauv thaj av liab vineyards. Qhov kev loj hlob thaum ntxov no nyiam cov av noo nrog ntau cov av nplaum thiab ua tau zoo hauv Pomerol thiab Saint Emilion. Nws coj fullness, sophistication thiab xim rau cov caw. Wines los ntawm ntau yam no yog softer, ncav cuag qhov puv ntawm saj sai dua wines los ntawm ntau yam Cabernet, thiab kuj tau txais woody thiab "tsiaj qus" saj.

Cabernet Sauvignon

Nws yog ntau yam tom qab uas zoo tshaj plaws rau cov av sov thiab qhuav hauv Graves thiab Medoc, uas muaj cov xuab zeb. Wines yug los ntawm nws yog cim los ntawm aromas ntawm kua txob thiab liab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, soften tom qab ntev cia thiab muaj ib tug tart, haib saj.

Cabernet Franc

Tshaj plaws cog hauv Saint Emilion. Cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam hu nws Bush ntawm no. Nws tsim cov cawv nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws blackberry aroma, denser, muaj zog.

Lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab: Côte (lossis Malbec), Carménère thiab Petit Verdot.

Semillon

Pom pom hauv thaj chaw uas tsim cov cawv dawb qab zib: Barsak,Sauternes, Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, qhov twg muaj tej yam kev mob rau lub neej ntawm ib tug noble pwm (los yog fungus Botrytis cinerea). Cov cawv qab zib no yog kub, qab zib, muaj kua thiab ua kom zoo.

Bordeaux qhuav dawb wine
Bordeaux qhuav dawb wine

Sauvignon Blanc

Cov ntau yam no muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo. Qhuav dawb wines ua los ntawm nws yog tangy thiab tshiab, nrog ib tug amazing aroma ntawm blackcurrant buds thiab boxwood.

Muskadel

Noob txiv hmab xaiv cov av nplaum uas tiv taus kev lwj. Dawb wines ua los ntawm ntau yam no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm floral aromas, roundness thiab tsawg acidity.

Lwm hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb yog Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc thiab Colombard.

Vintages hauv Bordeaux

Qhov chaw thaj chaw zoo ntawm thaj av txiav txim siab qhov hloov pauv huab cua hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv, thaum piv nrog lwm thaj chaw cog qoob loo ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog qhov kev txhawb siab zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg tsim khoom kom ua tib zoo xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov qoob loo, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm raws li nyob rau hauv winery thiab vineyards kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub xyoo nyuaj.

Tus winemaker yuav tsum tau tswj los ntawm kev txiav txim siab raws sijhawm. Txhua vintage yog tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev txhais. Yog li ntawd, txhua txhua xyoo wines muaj peev xwm aging thiab txawv yam ntxwv.

qhuav liab caw Bordeaux
qhuav liab caw Bordeaux

Wine "Bordeaux": tshuaj xyuas

Tau kawgKoj tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis pom kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo txog cawv los ntawm thaj av Bordeaux. Tshwj tsis yog tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom. Tab sis, raws li peb pom, muaj cov laj thawj rau qhov no. Lovers ntawm zoo wines nco txog exquisite, tart saj ntawm cov dej qab zib hauv zos, lawv cov nplua nuj aromas thiab chic bouquets. Qee tus twb tau poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog kev ua koob tsheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cawv, uas tshwm sim txhua qhov chaw, thiab tseem nyiam cov saj zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov dej tshiab, tsuas yog fermented haus los ntawm ntau yam zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo tshaj plaws.

Pom zoo: