Tuscan wines: ntsuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws, hom, kev faib tawm, saj, muaj pes tsawg leeg, kwv yees tus nqi thiab kev cai haus

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Txhua tus paub lub nroog Italian nto moo ntawm Siena thiab Florence, uas tau qhuas los ntawm cov neeg zoo ntawm kev kos duab, kev tshawb fawb, kev xav thiab ntau dua. Cov cheeb tsam roob yog paub txog nws cov toj siab dav nrog cov cog qoob loo los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nyob ntawm lawv. Tuscany, uas nws lub peev yog lub nroog ntawm Florence, yog nto moo rau nws vineyards thiab Tuscan wines. Ntawm no, thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws tau faib rau cov cog qoob loo piv rau lwm thaj chaw.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Etruscans tseem koom nrog winemaking hauv Tuscany. Ancient Rome tau los ua tus txais txiaj ntsig rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev haus dej haus cawv ntau, thiab kev muaj zog ntawm qhov kev lig kev cai no tau pib nyob rau xyoo pua 12th, thaum muaj pes tsawg tus cog qoob loo hauv thaj chaw no. Nyob rau hauv 1282, ib lub zej zog ntawm winemakers thiab wine tub luam tau tshwm sim. Raws li kev tsim tawm ntau ntxiv, ua li cas tshiab clones. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li Greco, Aleatico, Trebbiano thiab Malvasia pib muaj koob meej. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub koom haum scientific tau tsim, uasNws hu ua "Geogrophilia Academy". Nws cov tsos muab impetus los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov cawu cub tsim. Cov mis Chianti tau yug los ua tsaug rau Bettino Ricasoli thiab kev tshawb fawb nws tau ua ntawm nws lub xyoo pua 19th winery hauv Brolio.

Hnub no thaj tsam ntawm Tuscan vineyards yog 64,000 hectares. Cov cawv uas tsim los ntawm no yog liab qhuav - 80%, suav nrog hauv DOC qeb - 60%.

Ntawm no yog ob peb lub npe Tuscan cawv uas nws lub npe paub rau txhua tus neeg paub:

• Chianti ("Chianti") - lub npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv ltalis;
• Brunello di Montalcino (Brunello di Montalcino) - Ameslikas tsim nrog lub hom phiaj kom tau txais lub npe ntawm "tus nqi kim tshaj plaws Italian cawv";
• Vino Nobile di Montepulciano ("Nobile di Montepulciano";
• Vernaccia di San Gimignano - tshuav nws lub npe rau lub nroog ze Siena hu ua San Gimignano.

Cov cawv no yog DOCG. Qhov no yog cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm Italian dej qab zib, uas lav cov qauv tsim cawv thiab nws thaj chaw keeb kwm.

Chianti

Txij li xyoo 2011, Chianti tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm loj hlob thiab siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo tshaj plaws Sangiovese. Cov hom no, raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, tau cog qoob loo hauv Tuscany los ntawm Etruscans. Lub npe Italian "Sangiovese" los ntawm Latin "sanguis Jovis" - "Jupiter's blood".

Sangiovese yog ib feem ntawm Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino, Nobile di Montepulciano hauv qhov sib npaug nrog Canaiolo (Italian liab technical grapes). Nyob rau xyoo 1970, muaj cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam hauv Tuscany uas tau tawm tsam kev tsim khoom ntawm cov dej haus muaj zog. Nws yog nrog lawv qhov kev xa tawm yooj yim uas Cabernet Sauvignon thiab Barrique tau nkag mus rau hauv thev naus laus zis. Qhov thib ob yog ib qho tshwj xeeb wine-ua niaj hnub kab lis kev cai. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab no, cov dej qab zib tau yug los ua ke hu ua "Super Tuscan" lossis Tuscan wines zoo tshaj plaws.

Cov ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw Chianti tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1716, thiab nthuav dav hauv xyoo 1932. Lub vineyards ntawm cheeb tsam no stretch ntawm Florence mus rau Siena. Lub ntsiab ntau yam cog ntawm no yog Sangiovese.

Tsis ntev tas los no, Carmignano winemakers tau thov kev tso cai siv lawv cov npe khoom siv tsis yog Chianti, vim tias cov dej qab zib no tau paub deb li deb li ntawm xyoo pua 14th. Niaj hnub no Carmignano tau muab cais ua DOCG.

Historic Farms of Tuscany

1. Cov dynasties qub tshaj plaws suav nrog tsev neeg Antinori aristocratic. Ib daim ntawv los ntawm 1385 hais tias Giovanni di Pietro Antinori tsim cawv.
2. Frescobaldi, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo txij li xyoo pua 14th.
3. Mazzei uas tau ua cawv txiv hmab hauv Carmignano txij thaum xyoo pua 14th.
4. Biondi Santi, hauv nws Greppo winery lub npe nrov Brunello di Montalcino yug. Tsev neeg lub vaj txiv hmab tau tshaj 25 hectares.
5. Tsev neeg Ricasoli tau tsim cawv txij li xyoo 1141 ntawm Broglio Castle.
6. Tenuta de Verrazzano tau ua cawv txij li xyoo 1150. Lub vaj txiv hmab Verrazzano tau hais hauv ib daim ntawv los ntawm tib lub xyoo. Txog xyoo 1819, cov vaj txiv hmab tau koom nrog tsev neeg Verrazzano, tom qab ntawd dhau mus rau tsev neeg Ridolfi, thiab xyoo 1958 mus rau Cappellini.
7. Lub Cantucci winery, muaj los ntawm tsev neeg Cantucci, tsim thawj tus cawv Nobile di Montepulciano.
8. Abbadia Argenda ntawm Montalcino ib zaug tau koom nrog tsev neeg Piccolomini. Nws yog los ntawm tsev neeg no uas Pope Pius II tawm, nto moo rau nrhiav lub nroog Pienza. Vineyards tau loj hlob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm. Xyoo 1934 lawv tau kho dua tshiab, thiab niaj hnub no lawv nyob thaj tsam 10 hectares. Feem ntau Sangiovese loj hlob ntawm no.

Ntau yam thiab hom

Tuscany yog thaj av cawv liab, tshwj xeeb yog cawv qhuav, uas Sangiovese ntau yam yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm Chianti, ntau hom nroj tsuag nrog me me berries yog siv. Tab sis ntau yam nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj loj - Sangiovese grosso, yog siv los tsim liab Tuscan wines Brunello di Montalcino thiab Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.

Chianti tau tsim los ntawm Baron Ricasoli ib puas xyoo dhau los. Qhov no yog ib tug hluas Tuscan caw, saj ntawm uas yog me ntsis hnyav, piquantly tshiab, herbaceous thiab ntsim thiab zoo kawg nkaus quenches nqhis dej. Nws yog qaug dej qaug cawv nyob rau hauv cov tuav ntawm Florence los ntawm straw-woven fiascos, uas tsis yog siv niaj hnub no, hmoov tsis.

Innovators yuav luag rhuav tshem lub npe nrov ntawm Chianti, siv txog 30% dawb trebbiano hauv kev sib xyaw, uas muab cov cawv txiv kab ntxwv-ib tug qaub saj uas muab tsis txaus siab. DOCG txwv tsis pub ntxiv ntau hom dawb rau Chianti thiab tso cai ntau tshaj 10% ntawm lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab ntxiv.

Yav dhau los hais cawv txiv hmab nrog qhov sib sib zog nqus thiab nplua nuj saj - Brunello di Montalcino - kim tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ltalis, uas cuam tshuam cov nyiaj hauv tuam txhab nyiaj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo connoisseurs. Nws yog tsim los ntawm Sangiovese txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog rau hauv qhov chaw txias nrog cov av tsis zoo.

Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tso tawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm Tuscan wines zoo tshaj plaws. Rau Brunello di Montalcino, cov no yog Poggio Antico, Altesino, Costanti, Talenti, Col d'Orcia thiab lwm yam. Rau Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, cov no yog Boscarelli, Le Cas alte, Trerose, Avignonesi, Poliziano.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano yog tsim los ntawm Sangiovese nrog me ntsis ntxiv ntawm Mammolo. Kuj tseem muaj ntau cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm Rosso di Montepulciano, uas yog nyob rau hauv DOC kev faib tawm, tab sis cov neeg tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws tseem muaj kev ntseeg siab rau DOCG chav dej cawv.

Txhua tus kheej hwm tus kheej lub vaj txiv hmab tsim tsawg kawg ib hom ntawm lub rooj caw Vino da Tavola. Cabernet Sauvignon, Franc, Syrah, Merlot, Gamay ntxiv rau cov dej haus no.

Trebbiano-Tuscano yog cog rau kev tsim cov cawv dawb Tuscan. Qhov no ntau yam muab tau zoo heev sau. Refreshing, huv wines yog tsim los ntawm nws, uas, hmoov tsis, tsis muaj ib tug nco saj. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Chardonnay thiab Malvasia ua rau cov qauv no ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Cov tuam ntxhab zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog Rufino, Caparzo, Isole e Olena, Felsina, Manzano, Avignonesi. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws dawb wine hauv Tuscany los ntawm Vernaccia txiv hmab txiv ntoo. San Gimignano, ib tug DOCG, yog ib tug qhuav dawb nrog ib tug me ntsis zib ntab daim ntawv, ib tug nutty tsw thiab muaj zog fruity aroma. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim nyog them nyiaj rau Ambra delle Torri, Pietraserena, Falchini, Montenidoli, San Quirico, Vagnoni, La Torre, Teruzzi & Puthod.

Zonality ntawm Chianti

Chianti muab faib ua 7 thaj chaw, qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws yog Chianti Classico. Niaj hnub no, tag nrho Tuscan wines yog tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov neeg cog qoob loo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub lag luam muaj teeb meem hauv kev yuav cov cawv txiv hmab zoo. Qhov no yog vim qhov loj ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab nws qhov chaw loj heev. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj rau lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv cov qauv ntawm Tuscan wines. Cov koom tes, uas suav nrog ntau tus neeg cog qoob loo me me, tsis tuaj yeem khav theeb ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab zoo, tab sis cov neeg uas tau cog lus rau lub tebchaws muaj txiaj ntsig tau siv zog los hloov qhov xwm txheej no.

Yog tias koj pom lo lus Classico ntawm lub raj mis Tuscan cawv, paub tias qhov no yog haus dej los ntawm thaj tsam Chianti nruj tshaj plaws. Ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm tus kheej cov cuab yeej cuab tam, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntawv sau Vino da Tavola, uas qhia tau hais tias zoo dua. Cov cawv pheej yig tau sau ib yam nkaus. Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo ntxiv ntawm cov dej haus sau npe Vino da Tavola yog qhia los ntawm nws tus nqi. Lo lus Riserva ua tim khawv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis nrog rau kev zam ntawm eminent manufacturers. Thiab feem ntau qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov cawv txiv hmab tau poob nws cov ntawv sau thiab tau ua kom qhuav.

Taste

Kev lig kev cai hauv Tuscany muaj peb thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm liabvin.

Thawj thiab nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov tub ntxhais hluas cov dej haus Chianti liab, uas txhais tau tias yuav nruj, tshiab, iab, thiab nyiam noj mov zoo tshaj plaws, hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Qhov chaw thib ob suav nrog cov cawv txiv hmab los ntawm Montalcino, Chianti thiab Montepulciano fwj rau ntawm thaj chaw. Cov no yog cov dej qab zib uas muaj zog, nrog rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj zog, qab ntxiag tom qab saj ntawm blackcurrant thiab txuj lom.

Qhov kev taw qhia thib peb yog Riserva thiab Vino da Tavola. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog refined, nrog nplua nuj txiv hmab txiv ntoo bouquets thiab lub sharpness uas Sangiovese muab rau lawv.

Tus nqi rau Tuscan wines txawv heev thiab nyob ntawm seb hom cawv thiab cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog li, "Brunello de Montalcino" yuav raug nqi $ 650 ib liter, thiab Chianti Classico Riserva - $ 35 ib liter. Tau kawg, qhov zoo thiab tus nqi yuav nyob ntawm seb hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv hauv kev sib xyaw.

Brunello di Montalcino tsuas yog tsim los ntawm Sangiovese liab. Ntau hom "Brunello" yog ib qho clone uas siv los ua cawv. Nws muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos txij li hnub sau qoob. Lub Riserva version tau raug tiv thaiv rau 6 xyoo, ntawm uas ob xyoos nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib chim thiab rau lub hlis nyob rau hauv lub raj mis. Cov ntsiab lus cawv yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 12%.

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano yog tsim los ntawm Prugnolo Gentile Sangiovese. Nws khaws cia tsawg kawg yog ob xyoos. Hauv xyoo 2015, ntau dua 7 lab lub raj mis tau tsim, ntawm 80% tau raug xa tawm. Cov khw muag khoom nrov tshaj plaws yog Asmeskas, Switzerland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.

Squarevineyards is 22 km 2. Lawv ntiav 250 tus neeg ua liaj ua teb. Cov cawv txiv hmab yog ntim los ntawm 90 tus neeg tsim khoom, 76 tus yog cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum cawv.

Yuav haus dab tsi nrog lawv?

Hauv Tuscany, yuav luag tsis muaj pluas mov ua tiav yam tsis muaj khob cawv zoo. Nrog cov tais diav txhua hnub, nrog nqaij thiab nqaij qaib, nrog cov txuj lom thiab cov roj txiv roj, cov tub ntxhais hluas Chianti mus zoo. Tab sis Rosso di Montalcino yuav mus tau zoo nrog ntau cov tais diav thiab sophisticated. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntom ntom Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, nrog rau Chianti Riserva, ua tsaug rau lawv lub suab muaj zog, yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev ua si zoo siab. Ntau yam ntawm cov dej qab zib no, uas muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsawg dua, haum rau cov nplej zom, casseroles thiab cheese.

Wine Spectator

Wine Spectator tau hu xov tooj rau kaum lub golden nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm Tuscan wines. Nws suav nrog:

• Altesino Brunello di Montalcino Montosoli, 2010
• Avignonesi Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Grandi Annate, 2011
• Banfi Brunello di Montalcino Poggio alle Mura Riserva, 2008
• Barone Ricasoli Chianti Classico Castello di Brolio, 2006
• Bibi Graetz Toscana Colore, 2008
• Biondi Santi-Tenuta Greppo Brunello di Montalcino Tenuta Greppo, 2008
• Casanova di Neri Brunello di Montalcino Cerret alto, 2008
• Castellare di Castellina Toscana Kuv Sodi di San Niccolo, 2011
• Castello d'Albola Chianti Classico Riserva, 2010
• Castello di Ama Toscana L'Apparita, 2008.

Holy Wine Vin Santo

Ntxiv rau cov cawv qhuav, Tuscany tau dhau los ua nto moo thiabKhoom qab zib dej qab zib ua los ntawm Trebbiano thiab Malvasia txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txhob txwm ziab hauv lub hnub. Kev sau qoob loo yog nteg tawm ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb pallets lossis dai ntawm cov xov.

Trebbiano yog ib qho kev qhia dawb txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog qhov thib ob tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Ntxiv nrog rau cawv, nws kuj yog siv los tsim cognac. Nws tau paub hauv Ltalis thaum lub sijhawm Roman faj tim teb chaws.

Malvasia yog tsev neeg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws tau dav faib rau cov Islands tuaj ntawm Hiav Txwv Aegean. Ib qho qab zib Greek liqueur cawv ntawm tib lub npe.

Wine Mate

Keeb kwm ntawm Mate winery pib xyoo 1990. Tus kws sau phau ntawv "Vineyards of Tuscany" thiab "Hills of Tuscany", Ferenc Mate, tawm hauv New York nrog nws tus poj niam rau Tuscany. Nrog rau cov nyiaj uas lawv khwv tau, xyoo 1993 lawv yuav ib qho chaw ua liaj ua teb tso tseg hauv Santa Restituta. Tuscan wine Mate tau nto moo thawj zaug hauv Ltalis, thiab tom qab ntawd thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Thiab txiav txim los ntawm archaeological pom, ancient Roman vineyards nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub winery thiab ua liaj ua teb Mate 2,000 xyoo dhau los. Thiab hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom cov seem ntawm txoj kev qub ua rau cog qoob loo.

Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab cov lus pom zoo

Tau kawg, raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Tuscan wines, nws dhau los ua pom tseeb tias Chianti nrov heev. Tab sis koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau lwm yam cawv.

Aleatico lub vine liab yog siv ntau dhau los ua cov khoom qab zib cawv. Cov kws tshaj lij tseem tsis tuaj yeem pom zookeeb kwm ntawm no ntau yam, tab sis feem ntau nws yog tim Nkij teb chaws. Cov cawv rau sim yog Elba Aleatico Passito (DOCG).

Lub Malvasia Bianca Luga txiv hmab tau cog rau ntau pua xyoo hauv toj siab ze Chianti. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no tam sim no tsis tshua siv, vim DOCG tau txwv tsis pub siv ntau tshaj 10% txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb. Qhov saj ntawm Vin Santo Berardenga-Felsina yog tsim nyog paub.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo Colorino loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Valdarano, Val di Pesa thiab Val d'Elsa. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj xim nplua nuj thiab muab cov cawv txiv hmab nplua nuj saj. Nws tau thov kom txaus siab rau qhov saj ntawm "Colorino IGT Tuscany".

Chianti yog tsim los ntawm Canaiolo txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tab sis dhau ntawm nws, koj tuaj yeem yuav cawv "Pietraviva Canaiolo Nero" (DOC).

Nyob hauv thaj av Maremma, hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Grosseto, Ciliegiolo txiv hmab loj hlob. Nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm Cherry (Chilleja) vim yog liab liab berries nrog me ntsis cherry tsw. Nws tsim nyog sim cov cawv "Cilieggiolo Toscano Rosso DOC Camillo Principio".