Txoj kev muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov proteins: hom, yuav ua li cas lub cev tau txais cov protein, cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov cai noj zaub mov

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov proteins.

Protein metabolism occupies ib qho chaw tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam transformation ntawm cov tshuaj uas yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau nws yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev noj haus, tus nqi ntawm cov protein noj nrog zaub mov. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo.

Nrog kev noj tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau los ntawm cov zaub mov, kev tawg ntawm cov proteins hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev ntau tshaj qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov qauv lees paub rau ib tus neeg suav nrog ntau yam kev nyab xeeb, kev ua haujlwm, hnub nyoog thiab lwm yam.

Lub xeev ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov protein nyob ntawm tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov protein noj xwb, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas txiav txim siab cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov protein.

xav tau txhua hnub

Txoj kev xav tau txhua hnub rau ib tus neeg yog 100-120 g nrog kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm 12,000 kJ. Rau cov neeg uas koom nrog kev ua haujlwm lub cev - 130-150 g, thiab rau cov menyuam yaus - 55-72 g. Tsis muaj lossis tsis muaj protein ntau hauv cov zaub mov. Feem ntau nrog kev poob phaus, kev loj hlob qeeb, ua rau muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev. Tshwj xeeb rhiab heev rau qhov tsis muaj protein ntau yog cov kab mob endocrine thiab paj hlwb, nrog rau lub paj hlwb cortex.

Yam uas txiav txim siab tus nqi

Cov proteins uas tau lees paub sib txawv hauv cov nqi lom neeg thiab cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no yog txiav txim los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

1. Qib ntawm kev nqus cov protein, uas nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nws qhov kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm plab zom mov enzymes. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov proteins, txawm hais tias lawv muaj feem xyuam rau cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg rau cov proteins ntawm tib neeg lub cev, yuav luag tsis siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov protein. Vim lawv tsis hydrolyzed los ntawm cov protein ntawm tib neeg digestive system.
2. Qhov sib thooj ntawm cov amino acid cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein rau xws li cov proteins hauv lub cev. Qhov ze ntawm cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom noj protein yog nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub cev proteins, qhov siab dua yog nws cov nqi lom. Rau ib tug neeg, piv txwv li, cov proteins ntawm cov mis nyuj, nqaij, qe muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Txij li thaum lawv cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ze rau cov amino acid muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis suav nrog kev noj zaub mov protein, uas muaj cov amino acids uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv. Dab tsi ntxiv cuam tshuam rau cov nqi roj ntsha ntawm cov protein?
3. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb amino acids. Kev tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias tawm ntawm 20 lub npe amino acids tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov protein, tsuas yog 10 muaj peev xwm tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev - lawv yog cov tsis tseem ceeb amino acid tebchaw, thaum so (leucine, valine,arginine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, histidine) tsis tuaj yeem ua ke thiab suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov amino acids arginine thiab histidine yog ib qho tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem ua ke, tab sis tsis txaus.

Ntau yam proteins

Proteins tau muab faib ua hom raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Proteins txawv los ntawm cov duab:

1. Fibrous, uas muaj cov qauv nruab nrab atypical thiab elongated polypeptide chains. Lawv tsis yaj hauv dej. Piv txwv ntawm cov proteins no yog collagen, keratin thiab fibrin.
2. Globular, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm folding lawv cov chains rau hauv ib qho kev sib cog lus los yog tuab kheej kheej, tsim cov pab pawg hydrophobic, uas pab txhawb lawv cov kev sib cais hauv cov kuab tshuaj polar, xws li dej. Piv txwv ntawm globular proteins yog feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, enzymes, thauj cov proteins, thiab qee cov tshuaj hormones.
3. Tshuaj, uas muaj cov fibrillar thiab spherical.

By chemical composition

Los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov proteins raug faib ua ntau hom hauv qab no:

1. Holoproteins los yog cov proteins yooj yim, raws li hydrolysis ntawm cov amino acids tsuas yog tsim. Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj no yog collagens (fibrous thiab spherical), insulin thiab albumins.

2. Heteroproteins los yog conjugated proteins uas muaj ib pawg prosthetic los yog polypeptide chains. Qhov tsis-amino acid feem yog hu ua pawg prosthetic. Cov proteins no yog cytochrome thiab myoglobin. sib txuasCov proteins raug cais raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov pab pawg neeg prosthetic:

• lipoproteins: roj cholesterol, phospholipids thiab triglycerides;
• nucleoproteins: nucleic acid;
• metalloproteins: hlau.

3. Chromoproteins yog conjugated proteins nrog chromophore pawg.

4. Phosphoproteins yog cov proteins uas tau txuas mus rau phosphate uas muaj radical. Thiab txawv ntawm lwm yam tshaj li phospholipid thiab nucleic acid.

5. Glycoproteins - pawg no muaj cov carbohydrates.

lub cev tau protein li cas?

Cov khoom muaj protein ntau yog tsiaj thiab zaub, tab sis zaub, tsis zoo li tsiaj proteins, tsuas yog pab tau tib neeg xwb. Lawv tsis dhau lub cev nrog cov roj cholesterol, rog thiab calories. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov amino acids tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsiaj rog kuj tsim nyog rau tib neeg, thiab lub cev ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj lawv.

Yuav kom tau txais cov amino acids xav tau, tib neeg yuav tsum ua raws li qee qhov kev cai noj zaub mov, uas suav nrog noj qee yam khoom noj tshwj xeeb thaum nruab hnub. Koj tsis tuaj yeem noj cov tsiaj protein ntau, lossis ntau cov zaub protein ntau - khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum sib npaug.

Tus nqi roj ntsha ntawm cov zaub protein yog siab heev.

khoom

Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb yog:

• Ntsuab parsley. Nws muaj 3.7 g ntawm cov protein ib 100 g.
• Spinach - 3 g ntawm cov protein thiab lwm yam muaj txiaj ntsigtshuaj nyob rau hauv 100 g.
• Asparagus. Muaj protein ntau 3.2 g ib 100 khoom.
• Cauliflower - 2.3g protein ib 100g

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm yog:

• qaib - 20-28g protein ib 100g
• tsev cheese - 19.2g ib 100g
• Nqaij nyuj fillet - 18.9g ib 100g
• Qe - 18g ib 100g
• Salmon - 20g ib 100g

Protein Nutrition Rules

Tus nqi roj ntsha ntawm ntau yam proteins yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog tias pom qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog, kev noj cov zaub mov uas muaj cov carbohydrates thiab cov rog tsawg, vim tias cov proteins yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev rov ua haujlwm tas li thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev. Tus qauv kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub rau ib tus neeg yog 80-100 g, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab thiab nrog kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog, qhov no xav tau nce ntxiv.

Yuav txaus ntshai npaum cas

Cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau yog qhov tsim nyog vim qhov tsis txaus:

• pab txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev txo qis kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub cev;
• exacerbates o vim tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lysozyme thiab interferon;
• impairs enzyme synthesis thiab assorption;
• impairs qhov nqus ntawm cov vitamins, ua rau beriberi;
• ua rau hormonal imbalances.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tsiaj proteins yog:

1. Cov khoom noj nqaij: nqaij nyug lossis nqaij nyug, nqaij qaib, nqaij npuas, luav. Nqaij muaj tag nrho cov tseem ceeb amino acids nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo proportions thiab nyob rau hauv loj.
2. Y Nqaij: flounder, carp, cod, salmon, tuna, ntses caviar. Hais txog tus nqi lom neeg, ntses protein yog ze rau cov nqaij protein, nws muaj ntau methionine, ib qho tseem ceeb amino acid.
3. Eggs.
4. Nqaij.
5. Cov khoom cog. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog legumes - txiv laum huab xeeb, peas, taum, lentils. Hauv cereals (rye, nplej, mov, oats), cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein yog ob peb zaug tsawg dua. Proteins ntawm cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm tsis muaj tag nrho cov amino acids. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntsuab hauv kev sib xyaw kom raug.

Peb tau saib cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov proteins.