Kev phom sij ntawm margarine: muaj pes tsawg leeg, cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev, kev xav ntawm cov kws kho mob

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Margarine yog ib qho kev hloov pauv zoo rau butter. Yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom qab zib uas muag hauv kilograms hauv khw muag khoom muaj cov khoom xyaw no. Lub indisputable kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom yog nws tus nqi qis, lub neej ntev txee thiab yooj yim rau kib thiab ci. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg xav txog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm margarine. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas qee lub tebchaws tau txwv tsis pub siv hauv kev tsim khoom, thiab tag nrho vim nws tau raug pov thawj tias margarine yog tshuaj lom qeeb.

Yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm margarine

Nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Emperor Napoleon III commissioned txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib yam khoom uas yuav hloov tau butter, thiab txawm cog lus tias yuav muab nqi zog rau qhov no. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov kev poob qis hauv lub tebchaws, nrog rau kev tshaib kev nqhis. Tsis tas li ntawd, Fabkis tau npaj ua tsov rog, thiab cov tub rog xav tau zaub mov nrog lub zog siab. Tab sis vim li cas koj mam li xav hloov lub butter?

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv mis nyuj tau tas lawm thiab muaj cov butter me me. Qhov thib ob, tawm tsam qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev loj hlob hauv nroog, ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb tau mus ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw tsim khoom, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsim cov khoom. Thiab, thaum kawg, qhov kev thov rau cov roj ntau dua li cov khoom siv, yog li cov neeg tsim khoom tau tsa tus nqi ntawm lawv cov khoom. Yog li, qhov tsis muaj cov khoom siv raw thiab kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov nqi nce siab rau cov roj, qhia txog qhov xav tau ntawm tus nqi pheej yig thiab pheej yig analogue.

YCreating oleomargarine

Tus kws tshawb fawb Fab Kis Hippolyte Megé-Mourier tau dhau los ua tus neeg nrhiav pom uas tau tswj hwm los tsim cov khoom lag luam hloov butter. Nws hu ua "oleomargarine", qhov twg lo lus "margarine" (Greek margaros, "niam ntawm pearl") qhia cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom kom tau ib tug pearly sheen thaum crystallization, thiab "oleo" ua tim khawv rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov rog, uas yog. oleic roj (ib tug derivative ntawm nqaij nyug rog). Ntsev thiab mis nyuj tau ntxiv rau cov roj oleic, qhov sib tov tau ua tiav kom txog rau thaum lub homogeneous yas loj tau txais thiab xa mus muag. Cov khoom pheej yig thiab noj qab haus huv tau cawm tib neeg los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, thiab cov tshuab tsim khoom tau pib nthuav tawm thawj zaug hauv Qub thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Ntiaj Teb Tshiab.

Kev txhim kho ntawm margarine ntau lawm

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, cov lus ua ntej "oleo" tau tso tseg tsis siv rau hauv lub npe khoom. Thiab tag nrho vim cov roj oleic tau hloov los ntawm lwm lub hauv paus, uas yog zaub roj. Thaum cov tuam ntxhab tau paub txog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm hydrogenation thiab refining ntawm cov roj zaub thiab kawm paub yuav ua li cas hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov rog rog, nws tau pom tseeb tiasxws li lub hauv paus muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab zoo dua li tsiaj rog. Lawv tau pib siv cov txiv maj phaub, taum pauv, cov roj pob kws ua cov khoom siv raw, thiab tseem nrhiav cov hauv kev tshiab los txhim kho cov khoom thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm margarine.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Hnub no, margarine yog dej-roj emulsion nrog suav nrog ntau yam additives: qab zib, ntsev, dyes, flavour, thiab lwm yam. Ntau hom refined deodorized zaub roj yog siv los ua lub hauv paus: paj noob hlis, txiv laum huab xeeb, rapeseed, txiv roj roj, xibtes, cocoa butter. Qee zaum mis nyuj lossis tsiaj rog ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub ntsiab ntim ntawm margarine ntog nyob rau hauv lub confectionery, bakery thiab cov khoom noj siv mis industries, thiab tsis ntau mus ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov zaub mov ntawm cov khoom. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim muaj kev xav txog kev phom sij ntawm margarine.

Tsev tsim khoom

Yuav kom cov khoom noj kom khov, ob lub thev naus laus zis tau siv - hydrogenation thiab transesterification. Thawj tau pom ntev dhau los, thiab nws qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb yog qhov ua rau margarine muaj cov roj ntsha trans fatty acids. Cov rog no cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv particular, lawv ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob plawv, oncology, provoke infertility thiab Alzheimer's kab mob. Qhov thib ob, cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no pab txo qis feem pua ntawm cov rog trans, thiab yog li ua rau cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Ib "tab sis" - hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb no tsis siv los ntawm txhua tus.

Hom margarine hauv Russia

Kev kos npe ntawm margarine hauvRaws li cov qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab txoj cai tej zaum yuav raws li nram no:

• MT yog ib qho nyuaj margarine siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj.
• MTS - ua noj margarine siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom puff.
• MTK - margarine rau ua soufflés thiab cream, nrog rau hmoov nplej.
• MM - mos margarine rau tsev siv.
• MFA thiab MZHP yog cov kua dej sib xws margarine siv hauv cov ncuav ci thiab sib sib zog nqus kib.

Margarine rau qhaub cij thiab khoom qab zib hauv tsev

Nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov neeg yuav khoom feem ntau siv qab zib los yog mis nyuj margarine. Thawj muaj cov roj zaub thiab tsiaj rog (butter tsis ntau tshaj 25% ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg), vitamins A, E, B, PP, kab kawm (phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium). Additives tej zaum yuav muaj xws li mis hmoov, ntsev, qab zib, colorants, flavour, colorants, emulsifiers, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus zoo heev, 743 kcal ib 100 g. Haum rau kev tsim khoom qab zib thiab pastries, ua qhaub cij thiab kua ntses, kib, ci, stewing.. Mis margarine muaj roj, tsiaj thiab mis nyuj rog, mis nyuj, qaub cream, ntsev, emulsifiers, dyes thiab flavors. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm confectionery, cream, pastries. Mis margarine kuj suav nrog cov vitamins thiab minerals ntxiv.

Margarine: zoo lossis phem?

Txawm tias muaj tsawg kawg qee qhov txiaj ntsig hauv margarine yog qhov taw qhia moot. Nws muaj undeniable zoo. Hauv-Ua ntej, cov nqi siv nyiaj. Thib ob, cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig siab. Thib peb, nws qab qab heev. Plaub, qhov ntsuas zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj cov khoom qab zib, pastries, cream, thiab lwm yam. Thiab, thaum kawg, rau cov neeg uas txwv tsis pub cov rog rog, margarine yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm margarine tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm ib qho. Yog tias peb piv nws nrog butter, tom qab ntawd qhov tom kawg yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li nws cov khoom siv dag zog. Txawm hais tias margarine yog tsim los ntawm cov roj zaub, yuav luag tag nrho lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau ploj thaum ua haujlwm. Yog li, margarine, qhov tseeb, yog cov khoom khoob, thiab raws li ntau tus kws tshaj lij, txawm tias muaj teeb meem.

Trans rog raws li lub ntsiab drawback

Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm margarine yog tshwm sim vim muaj cov roj ntsha trans fatty acids. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 2010s, ntau lub teb chaws tau ua nws yuav tsum tau rau manufacturers sau tus nqi ntawm trans fats ntawm ntim. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov piv txwv no tsuas yog ua raws li lub Ib Hlis 2018: nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, ib tug txwv tau teem rau tus nqi ntawm trans rog. Tam sim no tag nrho cov mis nyuj hloov pauv, suav nrog margarine, yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 2% trans isomers, thiab qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom no yuav tsum tau qhia rau ntawm pob.

Nws ntseeg tias koob tshuaj txaus ntshai rau tib neeg yog tsawg dua 3 grams ntawm cov rog rog ib hnub. Thiab raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Biotechnology, ib tug Lavxias teb sab noj 3-4 grams ntawm trans fats ib hnub twg, uas muaj feem ntau nyob rau hauv nrov fast foods, ncuav qab zib, ice cream, glazed curds, txhua yam pastries, ibnyob rau hauv ib lo lus, nyob rau hauv txhua yam uas txhua leej txhua tus nyiam noj raws li ib tug khoom noj txom ncauj ntawm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb.

Txhua tus uas xav noj qab haus huv yuav tsum txo qis lawv cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj rog. Ntxiv nrog rau margarine, qhov no suav nrog cov khoom noj ceev, qhob noom xim kasfes, chips, paj kws, kua ntses, mayonnaise, confectionery thiab bakery khoom.

Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau yam khoom yuav tsis muaj cov ntawv sau "trans fatty acids", tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias lawv tsis nyob ntawd. Ua tib zoo mloog rau cov lus hais: cov roj hydrogenated, cov roj zaub tawv, cov roj saturated, roj ua noj, roj ua ke, margarine, roj zaub tawv, roj zaub ib nrab hydrogenated.

Cov kab mob dab tsi tuaj yeem tshwm sim?

Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem ntawm margarine rau tib neeg lub cev? Cov pathologies loj tuaj, xws li:

• oncology;
• kab mob plawv;
• deterioration of reproductive function;
• hormonal imbalance;
• kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog;
• mob ntshav qab zib.

Margarine yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov niam laus, vim tias nws ua mob rau tus menyuam. Cov neeg txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob plawv exacerbate lawv tus mob. Hauv cov txiv neej uas haus cov rog rog, cov phev zoo deteriorates, uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau xeeb tub. Kev raug mob ntawm margarine rau cov menyuam yaus yog vim qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, vim tias tus menyuam yuav mob ntau zaus. Kuj AustrianCov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm IQ thiab margarine noj. Ib pawg ntawm cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub noj margarine thiab cov khoom uas muaj nws, pab pawg thib ob - tsis tshua muaj.

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig, nws tau xaus lus tias cov menyuam yaus uas noj margarine muaj qib IQ qis dua li lawv cov phooj ywg uas tsis tau txais. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nws yog txhua yam hais txog cov rog trans muaj nyob hauv margarine. Lawv tau muab tso rau hauv cell membranes, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem biochemical thoob plaws hauv lub cev, suav nrog hauv lub hlwb.

Kev phom sij ntawm margarine hauv ncuav qab zib thiab lwm yam khoom qab zib

Thaum yuav ntau yam khoom zoo, ntau tus tsis xav tias yuav luag tag nrho cov ncuav qab zib, khoom qab zib, khoom qab zib, thiab lwm yam yog npaj nrog margarine, vim nws pheej yig dua li butter. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov rog rog nyob rau hauv cov khoom lag luam margarine yog siab dua, feem, qhov teeb meem rau ci margarine yog loj heev. Ntxiv dua thiab, yog tias koj tsis tsim txom cov khoom no, ces yuav tsis muaj kev phom sij rau lub cev. Tab sis yog tias koj noj ntau buns, muffins thiab lwm yam "kev xyiv fab" txhua hnub, ces koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj noj qab haus huv. Yog tias ua tau, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso tseg cov khoom lag luam tshuaj yej yuav tag nrho thiab ua rau koj tus kheej cov khoom qab zib siv cov khoom xyaw zoo.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv thiab khaws margarine?

Yog tias koj tseem tsis tuaj yeem tsis kam margarine, ces xav txog qee qhov nuances thaum yuav nws:

• xaiv margarine ntim rau hauv ntawv ci - cov khoom zoo li no khaws cov khoom siv zoo dua;
• qhov tsw yuav tsum yogme ntsis creamy los yog milky, tab sis tsis qaub los yog lwm yam;
• kev sib raug zoo yuav tsum yog homogeneous, xim yuav tsum yog lub teeb daj, tsis muaj pob, lub bar yuav tsum tsis txhob delaminate;
• Margarine yuav tsum khaws cia hauv lub tub yees tsis pub dhau 90 hnub, thiab cov pob qhib yuav tsum tau noj hauv ib hlis;
• lub ntim yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov chaw tsim khoom, hnub tsim khoom thiab hnub tas sijhawm, lub ntim yuav tsum tsis txhob puas.

Nyob hauv kaw

Qhov mob ntawm margarine ntawm lub cev tau raug pov thawj los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv dag zog, thiab txhua yam tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, yog tias ua tau, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsis kam margarine thiab cov khoom uas muaj nws. Txawm hais tias butter thiab zaub roj yog kim dua, lawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Thiab koj tuaj yeem kawm paub yuav ua li cas ua ncuav qab zib thiab lwm yam khoom zoo ntawm koj tus kheej - yog li tsawg kawg koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm koj qhov kev tsim.