2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 01:07
Dessert wine yog ib qho dej haus uas muaj kev qhia nruj me ntsis. Txawm nws lub npe hais li ntawd los.
Rules of application
Hauv lub neej, feem ntau muaj cov khoom lag luam nrog cov npe hais lus. Qhov no yooj yim heev rau ob qho laj thawj. Ua ntej, nws yeej ib txwm paub meej tias qhov twg yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thiab qhov thib ob, muaj kev lav phib xaub tawm tsam qhov ua yuam kev hauv kev xaiv. Qhov tseeb, khoom qab zib wine tsis tau lees paub los ntawm kev faib thoob ntiaj teb. Xws li lub tswv yim muaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia. Raws li lub npe nws tus kheej, nws yog kev cai siv nws ua khoom qab zib los yog tom qab txhua yam tais diav. Qee tus neeg ntseeg yuam kev tias cov npe "khoom noj qab zib" suav nrog kev pabcuam cov khoom no nrog rau qee yam khoom qab zib (txiv hmab txiv ntoo, khoom qab zib, thiab lwm yam). Txhua yam yog qhov opposite. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov kom meej tias cov khoom qab zib wine yuav tsum tsis txhob muab rau lwm yam tais diav. Qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg kiag li. Nws nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej yog ib tug nyias phaj uas tsis zam tej additives. Ua ntej siv nws, koj yuav tsum:
1) Txias ua ntej, nyiam dua rau 10-15 degrees.
2) Tom qab ntawd ncuav rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev tshwj xeeb.
3) Thiabtsuas yog tom qab ntawd, ua hauj lwm rau lub rooj ua tiav nrog ib txheej me me ("madera") iav.
Kev haus cawv li no tau txais me me (tsis pub ntau tshaj 150 milliliters), maj mam, txaus siab rau txhua lub sip.
khoom feature
Hais txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, khoom qab zib cawv yog cov khoom lag luam nrog qee yam ntxwv. Nws suav nrog tej yam ntuj tso lossis muaj zog cawv uas muaj:
- qab zib - los ntawm 2 mus rau 35 feem pua;
- cawv - los ntawm 12 txog 17 feem pua.
Ib zaug, cov cawv txiv hmab hauv qab no tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub qub USSR.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom qab zib cawv hauv USSR:
| n/n | khoom npe | Cov ntsiab lus qab zib hauv grams ib 100 cu. cm (%) | Alcohol content, ntim feem pua (% vol.) |
| 1 | Semi-sweet | 5 to 12 | ntawm 14 txog 16 |
| 2 | Sweet | ntawm 14 txog 20 | ntawm 15 txog 17 |
| 3 | cawv | 21 to 35 | 12 to 17 |
Cov txiv hmab tshwj xeeb feem ntau yog siv rau cov cawv no. Thiab nws yog harvested tsuas yog thaum lub Berry ncav cuag nws siab tshaj plaws ripeness. Lub sijhawm no, cov piam thaj ntau heev, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tau txais cov dej qab zib tiag tiag. Tsis tas li ntawd, winemakers los txhim kho qhov tswsiv ntau txoj kev kho ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv raw (pulp). Nws yog feem ntau warmed li, insisted los yog maj mam fermented. Tag nrho cov no tso cai rau koj los ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev saj, xim thiab aroma ntawm cawv zoo.
Red wines
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv, khoom qab zib wines muab faib ua dawb thiab liab. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws txoj kev. Liab qab zib cawv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsaus. Cov no suav nrog: Saperavi, Isabella, Cabernet thiab dub Muscat. Cov dej haus tiav lawm muaj cov xim liab nplua nuj thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj aroma. Cov cawv no yog me ntsis tuab thiab zoo nkauj heev hauv saj. Ntawm no cov thev naus laus zis ntawm nws qhov kev npaj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav (qee zaum txawm me ntsis rotten) tau sau thaum pib lub caij ntuj no. Tom qab thawj Frost, cov dej hauv cov berries hloov mus rau hauv dej khov thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem yog cov kua dej xwb. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv raw yog crushed. Lub resulting wort (extracted kua txiv) yog fermented thiab insisted on lub pulp (Berry tev) rau peb mus rau plaub hnub. Qee zaum, txhawm rau ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws saj thiab xim, lub sij hawm luv luv cua sov ntawm lub pulp mus rau 75 degrees yog siv. Tom qab ntawd nws yog txias dua thiab dhau los ntawm ib lub xovxwm, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau tso rau ferment rau 20-30 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, nws tsuas yog ntxiv cawv thiab koj tuaj yeem nchuav cov khoom rau hauv cov thoob. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov cawv muaj hnub nyoog tsawg kawg yog peb xyoos, tom qab uas nws yog fwj thiab xa mus rau cia, thiab ces muag. Cahors yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom qab zib nto moo tshaj plaws liab wines. Nws yog zoo dua lub npe hu ua lub tsev teev ntuj haus thiab yog tsimntawm cov chaw tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws hauv Crimea, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan thiab Armenia.
khoom qab zib dawb
Los ntawm kev sib piv, khoom qab zib dawb wine yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tseem zoo ib yam. Dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov theem nruab nrab, cov khoom siv raw maj mam hloov mus rau hauv cov dej qab zib ntawm amber-golden xim. Qhov tshwj xeeb saj thiab aroma ntawm haus yog vim qee yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo (Tokay, Muscat). Ntau ntawm cov cawv no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ntej. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab, nws tuaj yeem ua tau kom tau txais lub cim saj, xav tau lub suab thiab cov pob paj tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog dab tsi distinguishes wines ntawm pawg no los ntawm lub rooj zoo tib yam los yog qhuav wines. Hauv CIS, ib lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom zoo li no yog lub koom haum Massandra. Dawb wine yog tsim nyob rau hauv: Kokur, Pinot Gris, Muscat, Qub Nectar, Tokay thiab lwm yam. Lawv txawv los ntawm ib tug mos sib haum xeeb saj, ib tug yam ntxwv aroma thiab ilv, pronounced aftertaste. Cov cawv txiv hmab muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv cov thawv ntoo qhib rau tsawg kawg yog ob xyoos. Lub sijhawm no txaus kom ua tiav cov yam ntxwv xav tau.
hais npe
Khoom qab zib cawv tau nrov heev thoob plaws ntiaj teb tsis ntev los no. Cov npe, raws li txoj cai, qhia txog hom khoom siv raw lossis thaj chaw uas qhov no lossis cov khoom tsim tawm. Piv txwv li, "Muscat" hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwj xeeb hu ua White Muscat tau siv los ua dej haus. Ua txhaum"Bastardo", "Kokur" thiab "Pedro" muaj keeb kwm tib yam. Tab sis cov cawu cub "Golden Field" yog hu ua lub xeev ua liaj ua teb, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas muaj vineyards, qhov twg, ntawm lwm yam, lub npe nrov Alicante ntau yam loj hlob. Nws yog nws uas yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov dej haus zoo nkauj no nrog lub qab ntxiag velvety aroma thiab me ntsis hint ntawm chocolate ntawm lub palate. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, Tokaj tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tab sis kuj yog ib lub nroog nyob rau hauv Hungary, raws li zoo raws li ib tug cheeb tsam uas tau ua dawb wines.
Ntxiv rau, lub npe tuaj yeem yog hom dej haus. Piv txwv li, fortified khoom qab zib wine khoom muaj xws li sherry, chaw nres nkoj, marsala thiab Madeira. Li no lub npe ntawm ntau wines: Crimean Sherry, Dawb Port, Madera Massandra. Thaum yuav cov khoom zoo li no hauv lub khw, nws tam sim ntawd paub meej tias nws yog dab tsi.
Golden mean
Ntawm cov kev xaiv nplua nuj, cov khoom qab zib qab zib nyob hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Nws yog lawv leej twg, nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo kev faib tawm, nyob hauv ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm liqueur thiab semi-qab zib wines ntawm khoom qab zib zoo. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj ncees, 100 grams uas muaj txog 160.2 kilocalories. Nws muaj cov tsis muaj rog (0%), thiab cov proteins (0.2%) thiab cov vitamins hauv qhov me me uas nws tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj ntau yam macro- thiab microelements, nrog rau cov vitamins B, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj cov roj cholesterol thiab cov ntsiab lus sodium tsawg, tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo, xws licawv thiab ntshav qab zib. Tag nrho cov no qhia txog kev txwv ntawm kev siv cov khoom no. Ntau pawg neeg (cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib thiab ntau yam kab mob plab) yuav tsum siv nrog ceev faj thiab tsis tshua qhia nws rau hauv lawv cov zaub mov. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb kuj ntseeg tias feem ntau cawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Ntxhais lus nug
cawv yog ib yam khoom uas tsim tsis tau tsuas yog vodka, whiskey, cognac, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam liqueurs thiab liqueurs. Nws kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm winemakers thoob ntiaj teb los ua cov khoom qab zib muaj zog. Qhov no yog ib yam khoom uas nrov heev. Raws li koj paub, tag nrho cov fortified wines muab faib ua cov dej qab zib muaj zog thiab khoom qab zib. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam khoom qab zib (semi-qab zib, qab zib lossis liqueur) cawv, qhov tseeb, yog muaj zog. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cawv nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau hauv Russia, xws li wines pib tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Lawv cov tsos ntawm kev ua lag luam tau dhau los ua kev hloov pauv tiag tiag hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ua lag luam winemaking. Dab tsi muab cov khoom cawv? Nws hloov tawm tias nws cov kev taw qhia ntawm theem ntawm wort fermentation tuaj yeem nres qhov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, ib co qab zib tseem unfermented. Cov kws tshaj lij tau kawm los tswj qhov tshwm sim no thiab tau txais cov cawv txiv hmab nrog cov suab thaj thiab cawv hauv cov khoom tiav lawm.
DIY
Nws hloov tawmuas koj tuaj yeem ua khoom qab zib txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm koj tus kheej. Qhov no yuav xav tau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qab zib, nrog rau lub sijhawm me ntsis thiab ua siab ntev. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis yog qhov yooj yim heev:
- Cua txiv hmab txiv ntoo cais thiab cais cov txiv ntoo ntawm cov ceg.
- Muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub tais dav, knead kom huv si thiab tawm hauv lub xeev no ntawm chav sov li 4 hnub.
- Kua tawm cov khoom fermented.
- Ntxiv dej rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo (qhov piv 2: 1).
- Pour qab zib muaj (2.5 kg ib 10 litres).
- Muab cov kua tso rau hauv lub raj mis thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab roj hmab hauv tsev. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog heev inflated. Cov khoom yog txiav txim siab npaj txhij thaum lub hnab looj tes nws tus kheej poob. Tam sim no cov cawv tuaj yeem lim thiab saj. Yog tias tsis muaj qab zib txaus, koj yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no:
1) Ncuav ib feem ntawm cov khoom tiav rau hauv ib lub tais cais.
2) Ua kom sov me ntsis thiab ntxiv qab zib.
3) Do kom txog thaum yaj tag.
4) Ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig tau los rau qhov sib xyaw qub.
Tam sim no cov cawv txiv hmab uas npaj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv lub fwj huv si, kaw kom nruj thiab sab laug rau lwm 1 lub hlis. Cov khoom tiav lawm yuav zoo siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev.
Pom zoo:
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis qab zib rau kev noj haus, ntshav qab zib. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib cov ntsiab lus: daim ntawv, rooj
Cov neeg paub txog ntshav qab zib, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm tus kab mob, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov piam thaj hauv cov zaub mov tas li. Tib yam siv rau cov neeg uas noj zaub mov. Txawm tias qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab yog contraindicated rau lawv, uas tuaj yeem pab tau zoo rau lwm tus
Sweet wine: xaiv thiab yuav qhov twg. Liab qab zib cawv. Dawb qab zib wines
Sweet wine - ib qho dej haus uas zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua si zoo. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas xaiv cov wines zoo tshaj plaws
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj calorie ntau tshaj plaws, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo: cov npe thiab nta
Nws tau ua pov thawj ntev lawm tias kev tshaib plab rau koj tus kheej yog qhov tsim nyog thiab txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub tias nws kuj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tom qab kev txom nyem rau ib hlis lossis ntau dua, tau kawg, koj yuav ua tiav ib yam dab tsi, tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig no tsis ruaj khov
Npe txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib. Lavxias teb sab txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev cia khoom ntawm cov khoom puas tsuaj tau tso tseg tsis muaj teeb meem, thiab cov kws yug tsiaj tau niaj hnub muab ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, cov npe ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm peb lub rooj tau hloov pauv. tseem ceeb
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo twg tuaj yeem noj nrog ntshav qab zib? Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo twg yog txwv tsis pub rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib?
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo twg tuaj yeem noj nrog ntshav qab zib? Lo lus nug no tseem ceeb heev rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no. Nrog rau txhua hom ntshav qab zib, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj cov zaub mov, muab kev nyiam rau cov khoom noj khoom haus
