Dye zoo ib yam rau ntuj. Cov xim zaub mov yog dab tsi los ntawm? Txhua yam hais txog xim zaub mov

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 16:20

Vim li cas cov xim zoo ib yam li ntuj xav tau? Thiab yuav siv nws li cas hauv kev ua noj? Tsawg tus neeg paub cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no thiab lwm cov lus nug txog cov tshuaj no. Yog vim li ntawd peb thiaj txiav txim siab muab zaj lus no rau lub ntsiab lus nyuaj no.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Ua ntej kuv qhia koj yuav ua li cas siv xim zaub mov hauv tsev, peb yuav tsum qhia koj tias cov khoom no yog dab tsi.

Ntawm no yog ib pawg hluavtaws lossis ntuj dyes uas yog siv los pleev xim rau cov khoom noj uas muaj xim sib txawv.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov khoom xyaw no tau pib siv ua noj ntau pua xyoo dhau los. Yog li ntawd, hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub, lawv tau xim cawv thiab khoom qab zib, nrog rau lwm yam khoom noj thiab dej haus. Tab sis los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev lag luam khoom noj tau tsim ntau heev uas nws tau pib siv ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no los ua ib qho ntxiv rau cov tais diav sib txawv, suav nrog rau daim npog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dyes ntuj feem ntau tau siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj.

Tau kawg, hauvcov sij hawm nyob deb tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas kev siv cov khoom hais. Tab sis nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua lag luam, nrog rau cov tswv yim hais txog kev phom sij ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg rau tib neeg, kev cai lij choj ntawm cov qauv rau lawv siv txawm li cas los xij tshwm sim. Tam sim no nws tau raug txo mus rau ib daim ntawv pom zoo ntawm cov khoom noj uas tau tso cai.

Kev faib cov tshuaj

Cov xim zaub mov siv hauv tsev li cas? Peb yuav qhia koj txog qhov no me ntsis qis dua. Tam sim no kuv xav tham txog dab tsi hom no additives muab faib ua

Raws li koj paub, dyes rau kev hloov xim ntawm ib tus neeg cov khoom tau muab faib ua 3 yam tseem ceeb:

• synthetic;
• natural;
• dye zoo ib yam rau ntuj.

Cia peb tshawb fawb ua ke raws nraim qhov lawv txawv li cas.

YSynthetic dyes

Xim xim rau ncuav qab zib thiab lwm yam khoom tsis tas yuav yog ntuj. Yog li ntawd, thaum yuav pastries lossis lwm yam khoom qab zib hauv khw, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau lawv cov khoom xyaw.

Yog tias koj pom ntawm daim ntawv lo uas cov khoom muaj cov khoom siv hluavtaws, qhov no tsis txhais hais tias nws tsis zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua tus neeg tsim khoom rau kev tsim khoom ntawm lawv cov khoom yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog cov additives uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pom zoo los ntawm txoj cai. Txawm hais tias ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais tsis tu ncua nrog kev siv cov tais diav nrog kev siv cov tshuaj pleev xim, ib tus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau ib tus neeg noj qab haus huv.

Yog li, hluavtaws dyes sawv cevyog additives uas tsis tshwm sim lawm. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv tau ua hauv chav kuaj lossis lub Hoobkas.

Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tshwj xeeb yog vim li cas kev nyab xeeb, cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom zoo thiab kuaj xyuas qhov ua tau ntawm kev noj.

Piv txwv ntawm hluavtaws dyes

Kom paub txog cov khoom ntxiv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw (ntawm cov khoom ntim), peb nthuav qhia ntau yam kev xaiv:

• Dye E124 (lwm lub npe rau Ponceau 4R). Xws li ib tug crimson additive muaj ib tug tshuaj keeb kwm. Nws yog ntsev (sodium), uas tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv granules lossis hmoov liab. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias, txawm hais tias cov xim zoo li no tau pom zoo rau kev siv, nws raug cais raws li cov khoom siv phom sij.
• Azo dyes (lwm lub npe yog amaranth los yog C₂0H₁₁N₂Na ₃O₁₀S₃₎

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj ntau lwm yam additives uas siv los txhim kho cov tsos thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom (piv txwv li, quinoline, xanthene, indigoid, triarylmethanes, thiab lwm yam). Paub txog lawv nyob rau hauv lub composition tsis yog li ntawd nyuaj. Lawv raug xaiv los ua xim E124, E123, thiab lwm yam.

Ntawm cov khoom

Synthetic zaub mov xim rau ncuav mog qab zib thiab lwm yam khoom noj feem ntau dissolve zoo nyob rau hauv ib txwm dej thiab yuav siv tau yam tsis tau kho ua ntej. Feem ntau, cov tais diav uas lawv ntxiv tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam tag nrho (piv txwv li,sterilization, khov, tub yees thiab pasteurization). Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov xim liab lossis cov khoom ntxiv ntawm lwm cov xim, cov chaw tsim khoom muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov khoom zoo nkauj. Feem ntau lawv kuj tau siv los npog cov khoom xyaw uas twb tas lawm.

Natural dyes

Cov xim ntuj yog suav tias yog qhov tsis muaj teeb meem thiab nyab xeeb tshaj plaws rau tib neeg lub cev. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, xws li additives yog ib qho nyuaj rau tau txais thiab tsis raug mus rau lub sij hawm ntev cia. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau cov tuam ntxhab nyiam ntxiv cov tshuaj uas yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws rau lawv cov khoom.

Yog li, cov xim ntuj yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim. Ntawm lawv yog cov hauv qab no: tshuaj ntsuab, txiv hmab txiv ntoo peels, zaub nplooj, cog noob thiab cov hauv paus hniav, ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries, thiab lwm yam.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tsiaj feem ntau ua raws li qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, cov xim liab (xws li carminic acid, piv txwv li) tau txais los ntawm lub cev ntawm cov kab kab. Cov kab no noj ntawm nplooj cactus. Lawv tau sau rau kev lag luam hauv Spain, Africa thiab txawm tias Central America. Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm cov xim xim, lub cev ntawm tag nrho cov kab yog thawj zaug qhuav thiab ces crushed.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, kev rho tawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntuj yog ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntev thiab siv sijhawm ntev heev uas yuav siv sijhawm ntau thiab siv zog, nrog rau cov nqi nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb.

Natural Identical Dye

Raws li hais me ntsis saum toj no, tau txais cov xim tsim nyog los ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cov khoom nyoos tuaj yeem kim heev uasnws lub khw muag khoom yuav tsis tuaj yeem them rau nws tus kheej. Ntxiv mus, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim txawv txawv nyob ntawm ntau yam (tsis ruaj khov). Tias yog vim li cas cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov tshuaj no txiav txim siab tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej no thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev uas yuav tso cai rau lawv kom tau txais cov xim zoo ib yam rau ntuj.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tshuaj ntxiv uas ua los ntawm txoj kev no yog pheej yig dua thiab zoo dua.

Yog li, cov xim xim khoom noj uas zoo ib yam rau cov khoom ntuj yog tib yam tshuaj (uas yog, lawv muaj tib lub molecules) raws li cov khoom muaj nyob hauv ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau tsim tawm.

Piv txwv li, kab ntawm cactus cuav nplai muaj cov xim liab (los yog hu ua carmine dye). Tom qab kev sim ntsuas ntev ntev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam, tab sis tsis siv lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj muaj sia. Tam sim no carmine dye tau dhau los pheej yig dua thiab pheej yig dua.

Tshuaj cov chav kawm ntawm ntuj dyes

Ib yam zas xim rau dej thiab cov khib nyiab - ib qho sib xyaw uas muab faib ua cov tshuaj hauv qab no:

1. Indigoid, uas tau pom los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv beets. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias xws li ib tug additive yog heev zoo li carmine. Lawv cov xim yuav luag tag nrho (ci liab lossis burgundy).
2. Flavonoids pom muaj nyob hauv ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, paj thiab zaub. Ua tsaug rau lawv, cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus tau pib sivntau yam xim thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov khoom qab zib thiab lwm yam khoom.
3. YCarotenoids. Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav, carrots, txiv kab ntxwv, thiab nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov nroj tsuag.

Ntxim nyiam thiab zoo tib yam dyes

Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov khoom siv ntuj tsim tsis yaj hauv dej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cuam tshuam zoo nrog roj. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv yog qhov nyuaj heev los ntxiv ncaj qha rau cov khoom. Tom qab tag nrho, rau qhov no koj yuav tau hloov lawv mus rau hauv poov tshuaj los yog sodium ntsev.

Khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum muaj xim

Nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi dyes (zoo tib yam rau ntuj, ntuj lossis hluavtaws) yog siv los tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias lawv ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau:

• Kev nyab xeeb. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tshuaj uas siv rau hauv cov tshuaj noj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua mob rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, thiab nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv lawv yuav tsum muaj ib tug pronounced lom yam kev ua si.
• Xim ceev ceev. Txhua yam xim zaub mov yuav tsum tiv taus lub teeb, txo thiab oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig.
• Qib siab ntawm cov xim ntawm qee yam khoom ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab ntawm cov khoom ntxiv. Piv txwv li, dye carmine (xim - liab) yuav tsum muab cov khoom muaj xim nplua nuj, txawm tias me me.
• Lub peev xwm yaj hauv cov rog lossisdej. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov dyes yuav tsum muab sib npaug zos rau tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus (tsis muaj qhov tsos ntawm specks, stains, thiab lwm yam).

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nrog kev pab los ntawm qee cov zaub mov xim nws tsis raug tso cai los npog cov xim tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom uas tshwm sim los ntawm nws qhov lwj, siv cov khoom siv tsis zoo lossis ua txhaum txoj cai tswjfwm..

Yuav ua li cas yog pawg dyes?

Hais txog yuav ua li cas xim zaub mov raug faib los ntawm keeb kwm, peb tau piav qhia saum toj no. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv xav qhia koj txog yam lawv tau muab faib ua raws li lawv cov qauv.

Yog li, cov xim rau zaub mov tuaj yeem yog:

• kua;
• dry;
• kub.

Cia peb xav txog lawv kom ntxaws.

kua dyes

Cov khoom noj zoo li no feem ntau siv rau cov xim pleev xim thiab lwm yam khoom qab zib. Ntxiv mus, lawv feem ntau siv los ntawm airbrushes, nrog rau muab cov xim tshwj xeeb rau cov protein-kos duab.

Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov zaub mov ua kua xim yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev pleev xim hauv tsev. Lawv tsuas yog ntxiv rau hauv lub hauv paus es tsis txhob haus dej haus. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov kua dyes yog feem ntau pom. Txawm hais tias qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws.

Dry Matter

Dry (hmoov) xim zaub mov yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv hauvkev tsim khoom noj loj loj.

Vim yog lawv qhov kev ruaj khov thiab muaj nuj nqis sib xws, xws li cov tshuaj uas tso cai rau koj kom txo qis npaum. Thiab qhov no ua rau txo qis cov nqi nyiaj ntsuab thaum kho ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus.

Powder lossis qhuav dyes yog universal. Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov chaw (xws li marzipan, fondant, caramel, chocolate, edible paper, thiab lwm yam).

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov khoom qhuav tuaj yeem yooj yim ntxiv rau cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab nruab nrab txias gel, vim lawv yog cov roj-soluble dyes. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov chaw tsim khoom muaj peev xwm ua cov khoom sib txawv, hloov lawv cov xim.

Nws kuj yuav tsum tau hais tias cov xim zaub mov qhuav tau yooj yim hloov mus ua kua. Ua li no, cov hmoov yuav tsum tau diluted nrog cawv, boiled dej los yog vodka. Hauv qhov no, qhov piv ntawm cov khoom xyaw no yog xaiv los ntawm koj tus kheej txiav txim siab.

YGel Supplements

Gel zaub mov colorings yog concentrates ntawm colouring gels. Feem ntau lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam confectionery. Yog li, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj no, qab zib mastic yog xim, zoo li marzipan, fudge, icing, cream thiab cream, chocolate glazes, chocolate thiab lwm yam khoom uas yog ua los ntawm granulated qab zib.

Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv cov xim zaub mov hauv koj cov khoom, ces koj yuav tsum paub tias lawv muaj txiaj ntsig dab tsi.

Ua ntej, xws li ib qho ntxiv tsis muaj saj thiabtsw. Qhov thib ob, tom qab ntxiv rau ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov nws cov qauv. Thirdly, xws li dyes yog heev yig. Yog li, lawv kwv yees li kev noj yog 1.5 grams ntawm concentrate rau 1 kg ntawm dyed mass.

Txoj kev siv cov gel dyes yog qhov yooj yim heev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais qee cov xim cuam tshuam nrog ntau ntawm cov khoom raug dyed.

Raws li txoj cai, xws li cov khoom siv yog muag hauv cov thawv yas lossis cov raj.

Txoj kev siv cov xim zaub mov

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj xim ntxiv, nws raug nquahu kom xav txog cov hauv qab no:

• nrog rau kev nce hauv cov rog, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom, qhov kev siv thiab qib ntawm nws cov staining noticeably txo;
• acidity ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov xim ntxoov ntxoo thiab xim xim;
• nce cov ascorbic acid txo cov xim siv ntawm cov khoom tiav;
• Qee cov hluavtaws thiab ntuj dyes hauv cov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem hloov xim thaum raug teeb;
• kho cua sov tsis hloov xim lossis xim xim ntawm cov khoom tsim nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus xim;
• magnesium thiab calcium ions, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej tawv, feem ntau precipitate nrog dyes;
• hauv cov khoom fermented mis nyuj, hluavtaws dyes ploj hauv ob peb teev;
• natural dyes tsis pom zoo rau ximcov khoom uas npaj rau kev cia mus ntev;
• natural dyes yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kub hnyiab;
• rau xim fermented mis nyuj cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug reddish hue, nws yog zoo dua rau siv beetroot dye los yog carmines, uas yog ruaj khov tshaj pH 2 txog 7.

Summarize

Tam sim no koj paub tias xim zaub mov yog dab tsi, lawv yog dab tsi thiab yuav ntxiv rau cov zaub mov li cas. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias rau kev siv hauv tsev nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los yuav cov khoom ntuj tsim xwb. Los ntawm txoj kev, koj tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tus kheej. Piv txwv li, nyem kua txiv los ntawm beets los yog carrots, thiab ces ntxiv rau butter los yog lwm yam roj ua noj.