Kev sib xyaw thiab hom hnyuv ntxwm, yuav cov lus qhia

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Raws li kev lees paub dav dav, cov khoom siv hnyuv ntxwm yog cov khoom noj uas ua los ntawm cov nqaij hauv av, feem ntau yog nqaij nyug thiab nqaij npuas, lossis qee hom offal. Cov txuj lom thiab txuj lom, nqaij npuas kib, qe, mis nyuj, qab zib, thiab lwm yam feem ntau yog ntxiv rau cov khoom xyaw ntxiv.

Yog li cov khoom siv raw siv yuav txawv. Nyob ntawm qhov no, nrog rau kev sib txuas nrog cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv, cov khoom siv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv (duab hauv cov ntawv nyeem):

• boiled sausage;
• boiled nqaij npuas;
• wieners thiab sausages;
• ib nrab haus luam yeeb thiab boiled-smoking sausages;
• raw-smoked sausages;
• smoked nqaij;
• brawns thiab pates.

Txhua hom hnyuv ntxwm thiab hnyuv ntxwm yuav tsum sib tham sib cais, vim tias lawv txhua tus tsim nyogmloog.

khoom noj khoom haus

Boiled sausages yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov nqaij zoo ntsev thiab siav ntawm qhov kub txog li 80 ° C. Tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm zaub raw cov ntaub ntawv - soy. Lawv tsis raug khaws cia ntev, vim lawv muaj dej ntau.

Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo li no:

• thawj theem, cov nqaij yog av ntawm cov tshuab tsim tshwj xeeb;
• ces nws yog s alted thiab ces ripened;
• nqaij npuas kib txiav rau ntawm cov nqaij npuas kib tshwj xeeb;
• npaj ncaj qha minced sausage, sib tsoo tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb;
• yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom tsis muaj teeb meem, tom qab ntawd cov khoom ua haujlwm rov qab los ntawm kev sib tsoo los ntawm emulsifiers;
• cov plhaub taum cov nqaij minced uas siv lub syringe;
• ces kev kho cua sov ntawm cov khoom yuav tshwm sim - ua noj;
• kawg cov khoom txias.

Cov nram qab no cov hnyuv ntxwm siav yog qhov txawv:

• Structural - sausages, ntawm qhov txiav uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov nqaij npuas kib lossis nqaij. Cov hnyuv ntxwm zoo li no suav nrog Stolichnaya, Velyachya thiab lwm yam.
• Structureless - sausages nrog ib qho sib xws. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm tshaj plaws, uas nws lub npe txhua tus paub: "Cua", "Doctor", "Ostankino".

Kev hlub ntauuas yog sausages los yog wieners. Cov no yog cais hom sausages, uas yog npaj los ntawm minced minced nqaij. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog siv sov. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog raws li hauv qab no:

• nqaij yog crushed nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb;
• ces nws raug s alting thiab tom qab ripening;
• rov sib tsoo thiab sib xyaw cov nqaij minced nrog nqaij npuas kib thiab seasonings;
• forming products - sausage casings yog stuffed nrog minced nqaij siv ib tug syringe;
• sludge, uas yog, khaws cov khoom hauv chav txias rau ib lub sijhawm (raws li thev naus laus zis);
• kho cua sov - boiling thiab tom qab txias.

Qee zaum haus cov hnyuv ntxwm lossis hnyuv ntxwm raug tsim. Hauv qhov no, lawv tau ua tiav hauv chav haus luam yeeb ua ntej ua noj. Zoo li cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled, hnyuv ntxwm tuaj yeem tsim los yog tsis muaj qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv raug cais raws li hom sausage casings. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ntuj thiab dag. Cov khoom noj khoom haus nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv pawg no yog "Cov Khoom Noj", "Nrog cheese" sausages.

Ntawm txhua hom hnyuv ntxwm, boiled-smoked thiab semi-smoked khoom nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias qhov no yog cov feem ntau nws kim heev qeb. Yog tias peb disassemble cov hnyuv ntxwm los ntawm ntau yam, peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv hauv qab no:

• boiled-smoked sausages, uas yog ua raws li ib txwm daim ntawv qhia;
• boiled-smoked sausages nrog lawv tus kheejntau lawm nta (cov no suav nrog cov paub zoo "Salami", nrog rau "Servelat");
• ib nrab haus luam yeeb sausages ua raws li classical technology;
• cov khoom lag luam haus luam yeeb zoo li "Drohobych classics".

Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qee yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim khoom. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm boiled-smoked khoom, tsuas yog ripe minced nqaij yog siv. Ua li no, cov nqaij yog crushed thiab kho nrog ntsev, tom qab uas nws yog sab laug rau mature nyob rau hauv brine (los ntawm 12 teev mus rau ob hnub). Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev sib tsoo thiab sib xyaw cov nqaij minced.

Feem ntau, kev npaj ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm ib nrab yog ua tiav hauv ob peb theem: ziab, haus luam yeeb, boiling thiab qee zaum ntxiv haus luam yeeb tom qab txias.

Kev tsim cov khoom noj uas haus luam yeeb yog ua raws li hauv qab no: ziab, haus luam yeeb, boiling thiab rov haus luam yeeb thiab ziab tom qab txias.

Ham

Tsis yog ib daim duab ntawm hom hnyuv ntxwm ua tiav yam tsis muaj daim duab ntawm nqaij npua. Yuav luag txhua tus nyiam cov khoom no. Qhov no tsis yog

xav tsis thoob, vim tias tsuas yog cov khoom siv zoo siv los ua nqaij npua. Kev tsim cov nqaij npuas kib muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

• nqaij npaj;
• sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb;
• maturing npaj raw khoom thiab kneading minced nqaij npua;
• khoom molding - faib cov nqaij minced rau hauv plhaub thiab nias;
• kev kho cua sov.

khoom qhuav

Cov hnyuv ntxwm no yog tsim los ntawm cov nqaij nyoos thiab nqaij npuas kib yam tsis muaj kev kho cua sov ua ntej. Kev siv tshuab ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev fermentation thiab ziab ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom no muaj lub neej txee ntev

Production stages:

• npaj nqaij npuas kib thiab nqaij thiab khov lawv;
• nqaij dehydration;
• kev npaj nqaij minced;
• khoom molding;
• ntev kev loj hlob hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv qee qhov kub thiab txias.

Raw-smoked hom sausages tau npaj zoo ib yam. Qhov txawv tsuas yog cov nqaij nyoos yog haus luam yeeb ua ntej maturation.

Brawn

Brawn yog tsim los ntawm cov nqaij npuas hau hau, nplaig, daim siab thiab lwm yam offal. Cov kua zaub los ntawm cov khoom xyaw ua noj yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev gelling. Raws li txoj cai, cov nqaij ntuag yog tov nrog cov uas tau minced rau mince, ncuav nrog broth thiab tau ntim nrog qhov loj ntawm lub plhaub.

Cov nqaij haus luam yeeb tsis yog hnyuv ntxwm, tsis sib haum xeeb rau kev ntseeg. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm tag nrho cov nqaij. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si boiled-smoked thiab nyoos-smoking. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov ntaub ntawv raw yog tsau nrog brine siv syringes, thiab tom qab ntawd raug rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Cov khoom no zoo li muaj lub neej txee ntev.

Cov casings ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hnyuv ntxwm. Tam sim no muaj ntau variations. Txhua tus tsim nyog tau txais kev tso tseg. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnubntau lawm siv cov nram qab no hom sausage ntim:

• Natural. Raws li lub npe implies, lawv yog tsim los ntawm ntuj raw khoom. Ua li no, coj ib feem ntawm cov hnyuv ntawm nyuj thiab nyuj me me, nrog rau cov npua. Lawm, cov khoom siv raw no ua tib zoo ua tiav. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho edible mesh tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov heev. Cov hnyuv ntxwm hauv lub thawv no muaj lub neej luv luv.
• YCollagenic. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias cov plhaub taum zoo li no tau suav tias yog khoom tsim, lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Cov plhaub zoo li no kuj tuaj yeem noj tau, thiab tib lub sijhawm lawv muaj cov khoom zoo dua li cov khoom ntuj. Lawv muaj zog dua thiab elastic thiab tib lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm cov dej noo tsawg. Lawv tuaj yeem yog xim lossis pob tshab.
• Pulp. Lawv qhov zoo yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, nrog rau zoo elasticity. Qhov tsis zoo yog cov dej noo permeability siab, yog li lawv tsim nyog rau cov hnyuv ntxwm nrog cov kua dej tsawg. Niaj hnub no lawv tau siv vim muaj koob meej ntawm retro style.
• Textile. Ua los ntawm dyed viscose ntaub coated nrog polymeric khoom. Textile hom casings yog nrov nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov sausages. Lawv tso cai rau koj khaws cov saj ntawm cov khoom, thiab tseem muab nws cov tsos zoo nkauj.
• YPolyamide. Niaj hnub no lawv yog cov feem ntau. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Xws li lub plhaub tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kab mob rau hauv cov khoom thiab yog li ua rau nws lub neej txee. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, nws tsis nco chav thiabnoo noo, uas ua rau nws tsim nyog ntxiv flavorings rau sausages.

khoom noj khoom haus

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv hnyuv ntxwm siv tau. Cov khoom npaj hauv tsev, tau kawg, yog tawm ntawm kev sib tw. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog txhua yam ntuj tsim, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog cov uas muag hauv khw. Hauv kev tsim cov hnyuv ntxwm, raws li txoj cai, cov khoom siv tshuaj yog ntxiv rau cov nqaij minced. Piv txwv li, sodium nitrite, uas tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic, thiab kuj txhim kho xim. Inosinate los yog monosodium glutamate txhim kho qhov saj ntawm hnyuv ntxwm, thiab stabilizers thiab dej nrog ntsev nce nws qhov hnyav, yog li txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Rau cov neeg tsim khoom tsis ncaj ncees, feem pua ntawm cov nqaij hauv cov khoom zoo li no raug txo kom tsis muaj nuj nqis.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv sausages

Txhawm rau yuav cov khoom lag luam zoo, koj yuav tsum xav txog qee yam nta. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv cov khoom siv hnyuv ntxwm, cov khoom tseem ceeb uas yuav yog nqaij, thiab tsis muaj rog thiab lwm yam khoom ntxiv. Muaj ib qho kev xav tsis zoo uas cov khoom lag luam liab ci yog ntau yam ntuj tso. Qhov tseeb, qhov ntxoov ntxoo no tau txais los ntawm kev ntxiv dyes thiab s altpeter. Ntuj thermally tiav nqaij muaj ib tug greyish tint. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov hnyuv ntxwm ntuj yuav daj ntseg.

Ntxiv rau, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom hnyuv ntxwm yuav tsum qhuav, lub casing yuav tsum tsis txhob txav deb ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov nqaij minced, kev puas tsuaj thiab punctures. Tsis tuaj yeem ua tus nqi qis heev. Yog koj pom dab tsi hauvtsis txaus ntseeg tus nqi, feem ntau yuav soy cais ntxiv rau cov khoom.

Yog tias koj txiav txim siab sim cov hnyuv ntxwm tshiab, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav ib daim me me ua ntej thiab tshuaj xyuas kom zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd sim. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov nqaij delicacies, uas yog kim heev.