Rectified cawv thiab distillate: qhov txawv

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Cov khoom uas muaj cawv yog feem ntau siv hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub no. Thiab qee zaum nws yooj yim ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj lawv (thiab tsis txhais tau tias nws txhais li cas cawv). Feem ntau distillate (lub hauv paus rau ntau yam dej qab zib thiab tshuaj) yog tau los ntawm fermentation thiab tom qab distillation ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis feem ntau lawv xav tias rectification yog re-distillation. Thiab qhov kev xav no tsis yog lawm. Tsuas yog rov qab hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov kua uas muaj ethanol nyob rau hauv cov kab tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau ncaj (qhov no yog li cas lub ntsiab lus txhais tau hais), purification ntawm cawv los ntawm impurities.

Ob qho tib si rectificate thiab distillate yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab tsev distillation. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tab sis qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua los siv? Lo lus nug no txhawj xeeb ntau. Tab sis txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, peb yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab seb qhov txiaj ntsig peb xav ua kom tiav: haus dej huvkua muag lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txaus siab rau nws cov aroma thiab saj? Kuv xav muab tso rau ntawm lub txee, dab tsi yog rectified thiab distillate. Puas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv, lossis puas yog "kev xav ntawm tus tswv", uas yog qhov kev ua haujlwm nqaim thiab tsis ua lub luag haujlwm loj rau cov neeg siv khoom nruab nrab? Cia peb kawm!

Nyob ntawm distillates

Cov no yog cov kua uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm tib lub npe - distillation, uas yog, distillation ntawm yuav luag txhua yam uas muaj cawv sib tov, nws ntxiv txias thiab condensation ntawm vapors. Raws li kev faib tawm, ntau hom distillation tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

• simple,
• feem ntau,
• kev kho qhov tseeb.

Cia peb tham txog txhua qhov kom ntxaws ntxiv txhawm rau tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kho thiab distillate. Tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv!

YYeeb yam distillation

Cov thev naus laus zis no, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, tau paub txij li xyoo pua peb BC - txoj kev no tau siv los ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thiaj li ua xim los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lwj. Tsawg kawg qhov no yog lub sijhawm qub tshaj plaws uas tau sau tseg. Thiab nws muaj peev xwm hais tias distillation yog paub rau cov neeg los ntawm ntau ancient sij hawm. Rau cov txheej txheem no, cov khoom siv tooj liab tau siv, suav nrog lub tank distillation, condenser, vapor outlet yeeb nkab.

Thaum xub thawj, xim thiab cov ntsiab lus, cov tshuaj tsw qab tau tsim nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li no. Thiab tom qab ntawd, vim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev thauj cov cawv los ntawm hiav txwv (dejdeteriorated vim scorching hnub), siv cov txheej txheem rau zus tau tej cov cawv muaj zog.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txheej txheem

Yog li cov txheej txheem distillation tau nto moo thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe, thiab cov khoom siv raw rau kev npaj cov dej cawv tau siv ntau txoj hauv kev: txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplej, pob kws thiab qab zib, beets thiab qab zib pas nrig, thiab hauv Asmeskas cov cheeb tsam txawm tias cov nroj tsuag. xws li cacti.

In luv luv, txheej txheem nws tus kheej zoo li no:

1. Braga yog thawj zaug ua los ntawm cov khoom siv raw - cov ntsiab lus cawv hauv nws, raws li txoj cai, me me. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov chaw tsim khoom yuav txawv.
2. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws: yaj cov poov xab hauv dej sov peb caug-degree, sib tov nrog cov kua qab zib thiab dej. Tom qab ntawd peb kaw lub ntim nrog lub hau kaw ntom ntom (los yog muab tso rau, piv txwv li, hnab looj tes roj hmab rau ntawm peb-liter hub kom cov roj muaj qhov chaw mus), muab tso rau hauv qhov cub rau ib lub lim tiam.
3. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua tshem tawm kev siv qab zib. Grind qos yaj ywm los yog cereals, sau nrog dej thiab cua sov. Lub sijhawm no, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau hauv cov suab thaj. Tom ntej no, ferment qhov sib tov nrog poov xab thiab tawm mus rau infuse nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub.
4. Thaum cov txheej txheem fermentation ze rau ua tiav, peb lim cov mash thiab hliv rau hauv lub tshuab distillation.
5. Nws ua kom sov nrog qhov cua sov, thiab ntxuav pib evaporate.
6. Qhov ua rau lub zog nkag mus rau hauv lub tub yees los ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob raj, qhov chaw nws condenses, tig mus rau hauv ib qho distillate.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thev naus laus zis yooj yimdistillation tsis koom nrog kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm impurities los ntawm cov dej haus. Thiab yog hais tias xws li ib tug txheej txheem yog rov ua dua, nws tseem yuav tsis ua rau nws tiav purification. Yog li ntawd, lub distillate muaj lub teeb saj thiab aroma ntawm cov khoom uas tau siv rau mash. Tom qab ntawd, kom muab qhov tseeb saj thiab tsis hnov tsw, cov khoom yog flavored (los ntawm muab tso rau hauv ntoo qhib tej kas tham los yog cognac, ntxiv coriander, ntoo thuv essence thiab almonds nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm gin).

Qee zaum, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw thiab tsw ntxhiab, kev ntxuav yog nqa tawm siv tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kawg.

Factional

Nws yuav zoo li, qhov txawv li cas: distillate thiab rectified tseem yog cawv. Tab sis tseem muaj nuances. Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias cov kua sib txawv kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus kub sib txawv: dej yog 100 degrees Celsius, cawv tsuas yog xav tau 78 degrees xwb. Nws cov txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim heev: cov feem sib txawv ntawm cov kua uas tau muab faib thaum lub sij hawm distillation rau hauv cov thawv sib txawv.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txheej txheem

Kev xaiv ntawm cov feem no yog ua raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm ethanol, vapor kub, ntim ntawm raw khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub npe hu ua "pervach", lossis "lub taub hau" (thawj feem ntawm cov dej haus), tsis siv, vim tias nws tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag heev (thiab tseem muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev). Nws raug txiav tawm raws li qhov kub thiab qhov feem puaethyl, poob los poob.

Tab sis twb yog ib feem nruab nrab (lossis, raws li nws tau nrov npe, "lub cev lub hli") feem ntau tsis muaj xim thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw nruab nrab. Nws cov kev xaiv yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm qhov kub ntawm 90 txog 95 degrees Celsius thiab lub zog ntawm 35-45%, thaum cov kua kub kub.

Taws

"Tail" (qhov kawg ntu) muaj cov yam ntxwv pungent tsw thiab aroma, vim nws muaj ntau cov roj fusel. Thiab koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas tias lawv tsis poob rau hauv lub ntsiab "lub cev". Tom qab ntawd, kom tau txais cov dej haus zoo, nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav nws nrog cov thee (thiab, yog tias ua tau, distilled nws dua, thaum qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom qeeb dua li ua ntej, thiab muab faib ua feem kom meej).

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm rectified thiab distillate thiab cov txheej txheem sib xws ntawm tib lub npe? Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yog qhov ua tau tsis yooj yim sua kom tsim tau cov cawv ntshiab huv los ntawm distillation, txawm tias nws rov ua dua thiab feem ntau: cov dej haus yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb aroma thiab saj. Yog li ntawd, rau kev tsim cov cawv hauv kev lag luam (thiab hauv tsev), kev kho yog siv.

Kev kho cov cawv ntshiab

Yog li, peb twb paub lawm tias qhov kho thiab distillate yog dab tsi. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv, thiab ib qho loj! Rectification yog ib txoj kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom sib tov raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib pauv cua sov ntawm vapor thiab kua. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txais cov kua ntshiab kiag li. Thiab tsis txhob confuse rectification nrog re-distillation. Covtxheej txheem yog txawv ntawm cov saum toj no.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txheej txheem

Ua ntej, ntim nrog lub hli ci yog rhaub kom npau npau. Lub sij hawm no, cov vapors uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm boiling nce los ntawm cov distillation txhua, poob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb apparatus rau condensing chav, hu ua reflux condenser. Qhov ntawd, dhau los, yog dej txias.

Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw txias ntawm lub reflux condenser, vapors pib condense, tsim phlegm, uas ntws hauv cov kab rau hauv ib lub thawv tshwj xeeb. Chav nce siab thiab phlegm ntws los cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov txheej txheem hloov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau sab saum toj muaj cov khoom uas ua kom yooj yim dua, uas tig mus rau hauv condensate, sau rau hauv ib lub thawv.

Thaum kev kho, qhov purity ntawm txhua qhov kev koom tes yog tsis tsawg dua 90%. Siv cov qauv no, piv txwv li, cov roj av tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm cov roj, thiab hauv kev tsim cov cawv, cov dej cawv rectified (ethanol cov ntsiab lus - 95%) yog tau los ntawm mash (cov ntsiab lus ethanol - 95%).

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv: distillate thiab kho. Koj xav li cas?

Yog li, peb ntseeg tias cov no yog ob lub kua sib txawv kiag li. Yog li ntawd, teb cov lus nug: "Rectified cawv thiab distillate - dab tsi yog qhov txawv? Thiab dab tsi yog qhov zoo dua los siv rau hauv tsev distillation?" - Cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ua ntej ntawm tag nrho:

1. Tom qab yooj yim (lossis txawm tias ntau qhov feem ntau) distillation, cov dej haus tau khaws cov aroma thiab saj ntawm cov khoom uas underliekhoom noj.
2. Thaum lub sijhawm kho, tag nrho cov khoom no raug kev puas tsuaj.

Qhov txawv ntawm distillate thiab rectified yog twb nyob rau hauv kev npaj. Thawj yog ib qho dej haus uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug distiller nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws khaws cov organoleptic yam ntxwv ntawm tus thawj raw khoom. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias nws yog Calvados, ces txiv apples, yog tias whiskey, ces m alt, yog cognac, ces txiv hmab. Thaum lub sij hawm distillation txheej txheem, ntxiv rau ethyl, "sab ntsuj plig" ntawm cov dej haus tseem nyob rau hauv - txhua yam ntawm impurities uas tsim rau hauv ib tug qhabnias bouquet: saj nrog aroma. Qhov txawv ntawd!

Distillate thiab rectified cov khoom yog cov khoom distillation. Tab sis! Cov khoom kho kom zoo yog cov khoom ua kom zoo, ua kom huv si, qhov chaw organoleptic ntawm qhov chaw "tua" tag nrho, emasculated. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm lub rooj zaum, tsawg kawg los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab tshaj plaws, tab sis nws yuav tsum tig tawm nrog cov ntxhiab tsw thiab saj ntawm ethyl, thiab "tsis muaj dab tsi ntawm tus kheej." Vim li cas lub zog siab tshaj ntawm cawv - 96%? Tab sis vim hais tias tus so tsis yog impurities, tab sis dej, vim ethyl yog ib qho absorbent, uas yog, nws nqus dej rau hauv nws tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cawv ntshiab, peb tau txais ntau yam tinctures, liqueurs, liqueurs. Ntawd yog, peb qhia cov organoleptics ntawm cov khoom tsis raw, tab sis flavors - flavoring additives.

Tshwj xeeb tom qab

Yog li, cia peb kho cov khoom siv: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm kev kho cawv thiab distillate? Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov khoom tau los ntawm distillation yuav muaj peev xwm "ua hauj lwm" rau distiller thiab ntxiv. Thaum muab tso rau hauv cov thawv ntoo qhib, cov khoom seem tuaj yeem oxidize, thiab cov dej qab zib ua kom muaj ntxhiab. Rectified tsis muaj ntaub ntawvcov khoom, nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau bred. Qhov no yog qhov txawv. Distillate thiab rectified ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv kev tsim cov ntsuj plig.