Dub chocolate: muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab calorie ntsiab lus

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Qhov kev noj qab haus huv no peb nyiam txij thaum yau. Cov niam txiv nruj ib txwm txwv tsis pub noj cov khoom qab zib no rau lawv cov menyuam. Lawv txhawb qhov xwm txheej no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias chocolate muaj teeb meem rau cov hniav thiab yuav ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj. Tsis txhob tso tseg kev ntshai ntawm cov niam txiv rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv tus kheej cov menyuam. Chocolate tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub cev. Tab sis koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntau yam txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom qab zib no, uas yuav pab kho qee yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv cov qhob noom xim kasfes zoo thiab paub qhov ntsuas hauv nws qhov kev siv.

Tim thiab ntau yam

Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Nws txawv li cas ntawm nws cov counterparts - mis nyuj, dawb chocolate thiab tuav? Nws yog txhua yam hais txog kev sau.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo cocoa, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes, siav rau 6 lub hlis thiab hloov lawv cov xim ntawm ntsuab mus rau txiv kab ntxwv. Muaj plaub pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cocoa ntau yam: trinitario, criollo, teb chaws thiab forastero. Qhov tom kawg yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, suav txog 85% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Criollo ntau yam yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Nws ntau lawmoccupies xwb 3%, nws yog cov neeg tseem ceeb.

Txoj kev loj hlob thiab ua cov taum cocoa

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sau tau txiav rau hauv daim, muab tso rau ntawm nplooj txiv tsawb thiab tso rau hauv daim ntawv no rau ob lub lis piam. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub pulp ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muaj suab thaj, ferments. Yog li ntawd, cov taum taum taum tau txais cov saj thiab aroma uas peb hlub lawv heev.

Tom ntej no yog cov txheej txheem kom qhuav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov dej noo ntawm cov taum txo qis ntawm 60% mus rau 7.5%. Cov khoom qhuav yog ntim thiab xa mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm ntxiv. Ntawm no cov taum yog ntxuav thiab roasted ntawm ib tug txo kub. Cov txheej txheem no tseem ceeb heev, vim nws tsim cov aroma thiab saj ntawm cov khoom. Ntxiv mus, txias cocoa taum yog ntxuav los ntawm impurities thiab husks ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb. Cov purified raw cov ntaub ntawv yog crushed mus rau lub xeev ntawm ib tug muab tshuaj txhuam, uas ua hauj lwm raws li lub ntsiab muaj nyob rau hauv chocolate. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem raug nias ntxiv kom tso cocoa butter. Lub resulting qhuav residue los yog ncuav mog qab zib yog crushed thiab cocoa hmoov yog tau.

Hom chocolate thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv

Chocolate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas peb tau accustomed mus noj nws yog npaj los ntawm cov khoom uas tau piav saum toj no nyob rau hauv confectionery factories. Nws yog raws li cocoa butter thiab hmoov, qab zib, vanilla, emulsifiers thiab lwm yam additives. Los ntawm tag nrho cov khoom no, cov kua homogeneous loj yog brewed. Nws hardens rau hauv cov duab tshwj xeeb thiab hloov mus rau hauv peb cov vuas nyiam.

Dub, iab lossis tsaus chocolate yog tsim los ntawm cocoa cawv, qab zib thiabcocoa butter. Cov khoom xyaw tuaj yeem muab ntxiv ua ib qho ntxiv, raws li daim ntawv qhia ua tswv, tab sis lub hauv paus yuav tsum tsis hloov. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cocoa cawv, lub ci thiab iab saj ntawm cov khoom, lub richer lub aroma. Xws li tart chocolate yog rau saj ntawm gourmets. Muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, nws yog tus kws tshawb fawb pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Mis chocolate yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov ib feem ntawm cocoa hmoov nrog mis hmoov, yog li nws cov xim yog sib dua, thiab saj tsis tshua iab thiab creamy. Ntau tus neeg nyiam cov khoom no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog menyuam yaus. Nws yog ntau sweeter thiab noj ntau dua. Nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tsis zoo rau cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.

Dawb chocolate yog kiag li tsis muaj cocoa hmoov. Qhov no txiav txim siab nws cov xim. Los ntawm thawj qhov chaw, tsuas yog cocoa butter muaj nyob hauv nws daim ntawv qhia. Nws muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis hom no kuj muaj ntau tus kiv cua.

Kev siv cov qhob noom xim kasfes yog dab tsi?

Yog li kev siv cov khoom zoo kawg no yog dab tsi? Cov pab pawg neeg Mayan thiab Aztec paub txog nws txoj kev kho zoo. Los ntawm kev npaj cov dej qab zib iab, lawv tau txais lub zog, lub zog, thiab daws tau ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Tom qab Columbus nrhiav tau Amelikas, chocolate pib kov yeej Tebchaws Europe. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, tib neeg tau txaus siab tsis tsuas yog nws saj zoo heev, tab sis kuj tau sau tseg tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev.

Thaum peb tham txog qhov kev noj qab haus huv no zoo li cas, peb yeej txhais tau tias tsaus nti chocolate. Nws muaj ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb:

• Tiv thaiv cov hlwbPeb lub cev los ntawm cov dawb radicals, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav thiab kab mob plawv vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntuj antioxidants - epicatechins, flavonoids thiab procyanides.
• Tiv thaiv kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws, txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob stroke thiab plawv nres.
• nce tus nqi ntawm elasticity ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Yog li ntawd, ntshav siab thiab lub plawv cov leeg ua haujlwm normalize.
• Pab txo qis qib "phem" cholesterol. Chocolate muaj cov rog mono- thiab polyunsaturated, nrog rau oleic acid. Feem ntau ntawm cov roj saturated yog stearic acid, uas tseem pab tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol thiab txhim kho lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha.
• Tsim lub tshuab rau kev siv cov suab thaj hauv tib neeg lub cev. Yog li, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim ntshav qab zib tau txo qis.
• Tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab, txhim kho kev xav, ua rau tsim cov serotonin thiab endorphins.
• Nrog kev siv tshuaj tas li, txhawb lub hlwb. Ua pov thawj los txhim kho kev nco thiab kev txawj ntse, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm B vitamins thiab minerals (magnesium, poov tshuaj, hlau thiab calcium) pab txhawb lub cev thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem physiological.
• Tshuaj cov tsos mob ntawm mob caj dab rheumatoid thiab qee cov kab mob autoimmune nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Txo qab los noj mov, ua kom tswj tau qhov hnyav.
• Muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus mobcov pos hniav thiab qhov ncauj mucosa. Txo cov tartar tsim.

Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom saum toj no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus nti rau tib neeg lub cev. Tab sis, zoo li txhua yam tshuaj, cov khoom no yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv moderation. Nws ntseeg hais tias rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub cev, koj tuaj yeem noj txog 40 g ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab ib hnub. Tsaus chocolate, cov ntsiab lus calorie uas yog 400 - 540 kcal / 100 g, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim duab.

Cancolate puas tsim kev puas tsuaj?

Nws yog lub sijhawm los tham txog seb cov khoom no tsuas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xwb. Puas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus yam tsis muaj kev zam? Dab tsi yog qhov zais cia tsaus nti chocolate tuav?

Tseem muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm nws siv. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov khoom nram qab no:

• Cocoa nplej muaj cov tshuaj nitrogen uas tuaj yeem ua kom paub qhov tsis sib xws hauv lub cev cov txheej txheem metabolic. Yog vim li cas cov kws kho mob tsis pom zoo rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua peb xyoos.
• Cov ntsiab lus qab zib hauv cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus, txawm tias me me, tsis tuaj yeem lees txais rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Yog li ntawd, rau cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no, chocolate yuav ua mob, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
• Yog tias koj rog dhau, nws tseem tsim nyog txo qis kev siv cov khoom noj no. Tsaus chocolate, uas nws cov calorie ntau ntau, yuav tsum yog qhov chaw kawg hauv kev noj haus ntawm cov neeg uas tawm tsam nrog phaus ntxiv.
• Cocoa yog ib qho tshuaj muaj zog heev. Rau cov neeg mob ua xua, muaj kev txwv nruj txog cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus nti, uas tau teeb tsa los ntawmmus koom tus kws kho mob.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv chocolate zoo tshaj?

Tau kawg, tsuas yog cov qhob noom xim kasfes zoo tuaj yeem siv tau.

Cov txheej txheem dab tsi uas cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom coj los ntawm thaum xaiv qhov kev noj qab haus huv no thiaj li tau txais txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws los ntawm kev noj? Nov yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim cov qhob noom xim kasfes zoo tshaj plaws qhia:

• Ua tib zoo kawm cov ntim. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntuj qhob noom xim kasfes yuav tsum muaj tsuas yog cocoa butter, thiab tsis muaj lwm yam rog (xws li, soy los yog lwm yam khoom xyaw zaub).
• Qee zaum cov tuam txhab lag luam suav nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm cocoa butter. Xws li cov khoom yog ze rau ntuj, tab sis tsis muaj xws li nplua nuj saj thiab aroma. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom lag luam uas sib npaug cocoa butter muaj cai los ntawm cov qauv hu ua "chocolate".
• Thaum lub cocoa butter hloov pauv hauv daim ntawv soy, xibtes thiab lwm yam zaub roj tau nkag mus rau hauv cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus, nws cov cim tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv tau ploj mus. Cov saj, tsw thiab xim ntawm cov khoom hloov radically. Cov khoom zoo li no tsis muaj cai hu ua chocolate, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum hu nws ua "confectionery bar".
• Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Ntuj qhob noom xim kasfes muaj qhov du, tsaus, ci ntsa iab. Nws yog tuab heev, tab sis tawg thiab tawg nrog lub suab nrov. Yog hais tias cov qhob noom xim kasfes muaj lub teeb matte nto thiab tsis muaj suab nrov thaum tawg, ces feem ntau yuav cov chaw tsim khoom tau txais kev cawmdim ntawm cocoa butter thiab ntxiv cov roj hloov.
• Cov khoom lag luam qib qis nta ntxiv cov roj ntsha hydrothiab benzoic preservatives. Xws li chocolate sticks rau cov hniav thiab muaj ib tug greasy saj. Cov khoom qab zib no tsis yog ua tsis zoo xwb, siv sijhawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv.
• Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cocoa hmoov lossis cocoa-zoo rau chocolate kuj qhia tau tias nws tsis zoo.
• Daim ntawv qhia GOST tsaus nti chocolate muaj plaub yam khoom xyaw: cocoa butter, cocoa mass, lecithin thiab hmoov qab zib. Lecithin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cocoa cov khoom nyob rau hauv tsaus chocolate yog tsawg kawg yog 33-43%. Xws li cov khoom qab zib melts hauv koj lub qhov ncauj hauv ib lub vib nas this, tawm hauv qab qab qab qab qab.

Ua raws li cov lus pom zoo no, koj tau lees paub tias yuav xaiv cov qhob noom xim kasfes zoo tshaj plaws, uas yuav tsis tsuas yog txaus siab rau koj nrog nws cov saj zoo heev thiab aroma ntawm divine, tab sis kuj coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev.

Kuv puas tuaj yeem noj grey chocolate?

Koj puas tau yuav ib lub ncuav qab zib hauv lub khw, uas, thaum qhib, tig tawm los npog nrog cov xim dawb? Tau kawg, thawj lo lus nug uas tshwm sim rau hauv koj lub taub hau yuav yog: "Kuv puas tuaj yeem noj cov khoom qab zib no?". Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi txhawj xeeb txog qhov tshwm sim zoo li no. Lub xub ntiag ntawm "grey" txheej nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub chocolate bar qhia tias tsis ua raws li kev cia khoom. Feem ntau, nws melted, thiab ces khov dua. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, ib feem ntawm lub teeb ntawm cocoa butter tuaj rau saum npoo thiab tsim ib txheej dawb. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij hais tias qhov muaj xws li "grey" txheej ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes tag nrho qhia tau hais tias nws zoo, thiab khoom qab zib tuaj yeem noj yam tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb.muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Thaum khov chocolate, txheej dawb kuj tuaj yeem tsim. Tab sis ntawm no yog lwm zaj dab neeg. Cov plaque no yog cov muaj suab thaj. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsis kam yuav cov khoom zoo li no. Cov pobzeb yuav iab, thiab cov suab thaj yuav creak rau ntawm koj cov hniav. Nws tsis zoo li qhov no yuav ua rau cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab.

Zoo kawg

Cov neeg uas noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes tsaus nti tsuas yog kev tshuaj xyuas zoo txog nws. Lawv txawv tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm kev cia siab thiab lub siab zoo, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv zoo. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tus kws kho mob tsis xav txog qhov khoom qab zib no txaus ntshai rau koj lub cev, koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau nws nrog kev zoo siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsuas yog tsis txhob hnov qab tias kev xaiv ntawm chocolate yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev saib xyuas zoo thiab kev paub txog qhov teeb meem. Nws tseem tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum tau noj ib qho kev kho mob me me. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom qab zib zoo kawg nkaus, uas cov Aztecs hu ua cov zaub mov ntawm vajtswv, tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub cev.