Cov khoom muaj protein ntau: npe thiab nta

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Tib neeg lub neej tsis muaj protein ntau (lossis protein) yooj yim ua tsis tau. Qhov no complex organic compound yog ib lub tsev khoom siv rau cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau cov synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, enzymes thiab tsim cov nqaij fibers. Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem tau txais cov protein los ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm cov nroj tsuag lossis tsiaj keeb kwm. Tsuas yog txoj kev no thiab tsis muaj lwm yam.

nkag mus rau hauv lub plab zom mov los ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj cov protein, cov proteins raug rau cov enzymes. Yog li ntawd, lawv hloov tsis tau tsuas yog lub cev, tab sis kuj chemically; ces lawv tawg mus rau hauv cov tebchaw yooj yim; ces lawv tau absorbed rau hauv txoj hnyuv. Ntawd yog, lub cev absorbs lawv. Thiab nws tshwm sim heev yooj yim thiab sai.

Yog li ntawd, cov zaub mov uas muaj protein ntau yuav tsum suav nrog hauv cov khoom noj txhua hnub ntawm ib tus neeg. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog cov khoom noj muaj protein, rog thiab carbohydrates. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau cov neeg uas, los ntawm lawv cov kev ua ub no, yog txuam nrog hnyav loads; nrog rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas, uas nws cov kab mob tau loj hlob zuj zus thiabloj hlob.

YYuav ua li cas yog proteins

Proteins yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb nyob. Proteins yog tsim los ntawm ntau hom monomers (uas yog, lub tsev blocks) hu ua amino acids. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, koom nrog ib leeg los ntawm peptide bonds, daim ntawv chains uas yog interconnected los ntawm kev sib txuas. Nrog zaub mov, ib tug neeg tau txais txog 20 hom amino acids.

Ceeb toom: yog tias koj hloov ib qho amino acid rau lwm tus hauv cov protein molecule, koj tau txais cov protein sib txawv kiag li. Ntawd yog, nws hloov tawm tias nws yog ib ntu ntawm qee cov amino acids uas txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm thiab cov qauv ntawm cov protein molecule.

Feem ntau cov proteins pom nyob rau hauv cov leeg, kwv yees li 20% yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov pob txha thiab tendons, thiab ib tug me me feem nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Tab sis nws yog cov proteins uas tswj lub hlwb ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog endocrine, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative thiab cov leeg nqaij.

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov protein molecule suav nrog cov tshuaj xws li carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, hlau thiab sulfur. Qee cov protein molecules muaj phosphorus.

Survival

Lub neej ntawm cov protein sib txawv ntawm tib tus neeg sib txawv kiag li. Piv txwv li, lub neej ntev ntawm cov ntshav plasma proteins yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 10 hnub; plab hnyuv - 4-6 hnub; thiab nqaij protein - txog 6 lub hlis. Peb tuaj yeem hais li cas txog qee cov tshuaj hormones peptide, uas feem ntau muaj nyob rau ob peb feeb xwb.

Ceebtoom: thaum lub cev cov proteins zom rau hauv cov amino acids dawb, tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem rov ua dua lwm cov proteins los ntawm yav tas los. Qhov no yog lub voj voog ntawm cov protein hauv lub cev. Lawm, kwv yees li 35% ntawm cov amino acids dawb tsis koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem xws li kev sib txuas ntawm cov proteins tshiab. Qhov tsis siv no yuav raug siv rau lub hom phiaj sib txawv kiag li (piv txwv li, tsim urea lossis qabzib). Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau cov amino acid sib npaug los ua tiav tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nqa lwm cov zaub mov muaj protein.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Thawj tsab ntawv tshawb fawb txog cov protein, sau los ntawm Italian kws tshawb fawb Beccari, tau luam tawm rov qab rau xyoo 1747. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, cov tshuaj protein tau raug cais mus rau hauv ib qho kev ywj pheej kiag li ntawm cov roj ntsha molecules. Qhov haujlwm loj no tau ua los ntawm Fab Kis kws tshuaj Maquet, Fourcroix thiab lwm tus.

Hauv xyoo 1836, Dutch chemist Mulder thawj zaug nthuav qhia tus qauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov protein. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, Swedish chemist Berzelius tau thov hu ua cov protein sib txuas cov protein (los ntawm Greek li "thawj, thawj", uas yog, "hauv thawj qhov chaw"). Mulder nyiam lub tswv yim, thiab nws tau hais tawm rau pej xeem. Muaj tseeb, tom qab kev tshawb fawb pom tias cov radicals tsis muaj nyob. Tab sis lub sij hawm, siv los ua ib lub ntsiab lus rau cov proteins, twb tau ua tiav hauv paus thiab txawm mus txog peb hnub.

Tsuas yog xyoo 1926 yog qhov kev xav tau hais los ntawm Asmeskas kws tshuaj Sumner (tom qab nwstau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel), hais txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov proteins hauv tib neeg lub cev.

Lub luag haujlwm hauv lub cev

Cov haujlwm ntawm cov protein hauv lub neej ntawm tib neeg lub cev tseem ceeb heev:

• Tsheb thauj mus los. Protein koom nrog hauv kev thauj mus los los ntawm cov ntshav, feem ntau cov pa oxygen, nrog rau qee cov zaub mov, lipids, carbohydrates, cov tshuaj hormones, vitamins thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Qhov tseeb no tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sib cav muaj zog hauv kev pom zoo ntawm cov khoom muaj protein.
• Tiv thaiv. Albumins yog cov proteins uas ua "tus saib xyuas" ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws. Yog tias albumin nrog rau "neeg txawv teb chaws", ces lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuaj nws li "peb tus kheej" thiab kis mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm tes. Yog hais tias cov khoom txawv teb chaws sim "tawg" rau hauv lub cell yam tsis tau nrog "tus saib xyuas", ces kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhib. Lwm qhov kev sib cav hauv kev pom zoo ntawm cov khoom muaj proteins.
• Qauv (uas yog, kev tsim kho, yas). Yog tsis muaj cov protein, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cell thiab cov ntaub so ntswg rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsuas yog ua tsis tau. Tam sim no koj nkag siab tias vim li cas koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis siv cov khoom noj uas muaj protein ntau.
• Zog. Tau kawg, lub ntsiab ntawm lub zog yog cov rog thiab carbohydrates. Tab sis nrog lawv qhov tsis txaus los yog nrog ntau dhau ntawm cov amino acids, cov proteins ua haujlwm zoo nrog lub zog ua haujlwm (thaum lawv tawg, lub zog tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem hauv lub neej raug tso tawm). Qhov tseeb no ua rau tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom muaj proteins.

• Enzymatic (los yog catalytic). Enzyme proteins (proteases, amylases thiab lipases) yog catalysts rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem biochemical tshwm sim hauv lub cev.
• Regulatory. Noj cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau txaus txhim kho txoj haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex thiab tib neeg lub paj hlwb; accelerates txoj kev loj hlob ntawm reflexes; regulates metabolism (piv txwv li, kev loj hlob hormone los yog insulin yog tag nrho cov proteins) thiab lwm yam physiological txheej txheem.
• Hormonal. Nws yog amino acids uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov enzymes thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj hormones.
• Kev cog lus. Nws yog ua tsaug rau cov proteins xws li actin thiab myosin uas tib neeg cov leeg pob txha tuaj yeem cog lus.

tsis muaj protein ntau hauv lub cev

Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub neej, cov protein tau noj tas li. Lawv cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau ntxiv tas li nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom muaj protein ntau (cov npe ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv qab). Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, ces tej yam tsis zoo hauv qab no tuaj yeem tshwm sim:

• Anemia (i.e. anemia).
• Kev txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv.
• Stunting and development.
• Txo cov calcium thiab phosphorus hauv cov pob txha.
• Tsis muaj cov enzymes digestive.
• Dystrophy. Kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus (cov npe ntawm lawv yuav tsum paub rau txhua tus) tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij qis.
• Txoj kev xav tsis zoo.
• Zoo plab uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau txoj hnyuv.
• Kev txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab.

YNtau cov protein ntau hauv lub cev

Tsis zoo li cov carbohydrates thiab cov rog, cov protein tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub cev. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob lean ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj protein ntau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim nws reserves nyob rau hauv lub cev. Qhov no tsis yog ib lub tswv yim zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nqus ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom muaj protein ntau (cov npe uas nws kim heev) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo hauv qab no:

• Osteoporosis. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub cev yuav tsum tau pib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov protein undigested. Rau cov laj thawj no, koj xav tau calcium. Yog tias nws tsis txaus, lub cev yuav pib "rub" tawm ntawm cov pob txha. Lub xeev no muaj peev xwm ua tau yog tias ib tug neeg haus dej me ntsis thiab noj cov zaub mov uas muaj cov protein ntau.
• Kev ua rog rog.

• Kev txhim kho urolithiasis thiab gout.
• Lub nra hnyav rau lub raum. Tsis txhob noj zaub mov muaj protein ntau.
• Risk tsim kab mob plawv. Qhov no ua tau yog tias qhov chaw ntawm cov protein yog cov khoom noj siv mis los yog cov nqaij rog tshwj xeeb.

Khoom noj muaj zaub protein

Cov zaub mov twg muaj zaub proteins? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog cereals (mov, barley los yog oats), tab sis kuj legumes (peas, soybeans los yog lentils), noob, ceev, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.

Txhua cov nroj tsuag tau txais cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov av, uas tom qab ntawd ua ke rau hauv cov amino acids, tsim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, carbohydrates thiab qab zib. Txhua yam no tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hauv qab lub hnub.

Paub cov zaub mov twg muaj cov proteins cog, koj tuaj yeem tsim koj cov khoom noj kom zoo li nws muaj cov proteins uas tseem ceeb.

Qhov tseem ceeb! Plant-based protein yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis txhob txiav cov tsiaj protein tag nrho. Ua tus tsim nyog.

Khoom noj muaj tsiaj protein

Cov zaub mov twg muaj tsiaj protein? Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho nws yog nyob rau hauv luav nqaij, nqaij nyuj thiab nqaij qaib. Ntau cov protein kuj pom nyob rau hauv offal (piv txwv li, hauv tus nplaig, ob lub raum lossis daim siab). Ntxiv nrog rau cov protein, lawv muaj ntau cov zaub mov (piv txwv li, hlau), nrog rau cov vitamins A, B thiab C.

Cov protein twg zoo dua thiab nqus sai dua los ntawm lub cev? Ntseeg nws los tsis, qhov no yog nqaij qaib qe protein. Tab sis nco ntsoov: cov khoom no muaj calorie ntau ntau.

YProtein hauv ntses

Hais txog ntses, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem hais tau: cov protein ntawm cov khoom no yog absorbed yuav luag tag (uas yog, daim duab no yog hais txog 94-98%). Tuna muaj protein ntau. Yog li ntawd, ntses yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm koj lub rooj yam tsis tau poob.

ua kom tiav thiab tsis tiav cov proteins

Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb pom, tag nrho cov proteins tau muab faib ua ob hom:

• ua tiav. No yog tsiaj squirrels.
• Kev tsis zoo. Lub npe no yog muab rau cov nroj tsuag proteins vim tias cov khoom noj xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, nplej, noob, thiab txiv ntoo tsis muaj qee qhov tseem ceeb amino acids. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus kws tshawb fawb pom zoo nrog cov lus no. Thiab qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab kawgpaub meej tias cov proteins uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov uas cog tau zom sai dua, yooj yim dua thiab ua tiav raws li cov tsiaj txhu.

npe khoom

Cov lus txheem ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov proteins feem ntau yog muab tso ua ke raws li lawv cov npe thiab hom. Qhov no tsis yog siv ntau heev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sau cov khoom noj rau ntau yam khoom noj). Peb muab cov npe ntawm cov khoom muab faib ua pawg nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus protein. Qhov no yooj yim dua thiab muaj laj thawj.

Khoom noj muaj proteins:

Daim ntawv teev cov khoom lag luam uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein ib 100 g ntawm cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.4 mus rau 4 g (xws li): txiv hmab txiv ntoo, margarine (creamy), ntau yam txiv apples, cranberries (tsob hav zoov), txiv kab ntxwv, cherries, dub currants, apricots, txiv kab ntxwv, dib, txiv lws suav, eggplants (los yog xiav), radishes, carrots, Sweet peppers (Bulgarian), dos (ntsuab thiab dos), turnips, beets, cabbage (dawb thiab kohlrabi), qos yaj ywm, dill, parsley, raisins, bananas, butter (butter), kefir, qaub cream, cream, mayonnaise, mis nyuj (nyias), ice cream thiab dawb nceb (tshiab)

• Protein cov ntsiab lus ntawm 4 mus rau 9 g (nrog rau): cod ntses daim siab, ntsuab peas, qej, chocolate, ntau yam ncuav mog qab zib, qhob cij (dub thiab nplej), mov, condensed mis nyuj (nrog qab zib) thiab melted cheese.
• Ntau ntawm cov protein xws li 10 mus rau 13 g (nrog): hmoov nplej, cereals (barley, pob kws, buckwheat thiab oatmeal), millet,pasta, qaib qe, poov xab, hnyuv ntxwm (Doctor's) thiab cocoa hmoov.

• Protein cov ntsiab lus xws li 14 mus rau 16 g (nrog): kas fes (taum), nqaij npuas, ntsws thiab lub plawv (nqaij nyuj), cod, carp, kaus poom sardines hauv roj thiab yaj.
• Cov khoom noj uas muaj cov protein ntau hauv 100 g ntawm cov khoom (hauv 16-24 g): txiv ntseej (hazelnuts), hnyuv ntxwm, daim siab thiab ob lub raum (nqaij nyuj), squid, nees mackerel, tuna, nqaij qaib, nqaij nyuj, nqaij luav thiab peas.

Protein Values

Cov neeg laus raug pom zoo kom noj txog 90-120 g ntawm cov protein (kom meej meej, 1.5-2.5 g ib kg ntawm lub cev hnyav) thaum nruab hnub.

Note! Rau cov poj niam - tsis ntau tshaj 1.5 g ib kilogram ntawm qhov hnyav, rau cov txiv neej - txog 2 g, thiab rau cov neeg laus - tsis ntau tshaj 1 g.

Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov menyuam yaus, tus nqi yuav tsum nce li ntawm 2-3 zaug. Ntxiv mus, qhov piv ntawm zaub thiab tsiaj protein yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov ratio ntawm 1: 2.

Qhov tseem ceeb! Tsis txhob mob siab rau cov khoom noj uas muaj cov protein ntau, thiaj li tsis txhob overload lub raum. Nco ntsoov: tsuas yog noj zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev.

Tab sis tsis muaj kev pom zoo rau qhov teeb meem no. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb, tom qab kev tshawb fawb, tuaj txog qhov xaus tias qhov koob tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm cov protein yuav raug txwv rau 25 g. Lwm tus neeg hais txog 60 g. Thiab tus kws tshaj lij N. M. Amosov muaj nws tus kheej version: kom saturate lub cev nrog cov amino acids tseem ceeb, nws txaus txhua hnubnoj ib feem me me ntawm nqaij (kwv yees li 50 g) thiab ib khob mis nyuj.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom noj protein

Qhov kev sib txuas uas tsis xav tau:

• Proteins ntxiv rau cov proteins. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no tsis zoo siab tos txais vim tias kev zom zaub mov ntawm ntau cov protein yuav tsum tau tso tawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov kua qaub sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, raws li kev siv cov khoom zoo li no, ib qho ntawm cov khoom yuav zom tau ntev dua li niaj zaus thiab tsis zoo heev. Raws li qhov no, tsis txhob muab mis nyuj nrog txiv ntseej, nqaij nrog qe lossis cheese.
• Proteins ntxiv rau carbohydrates. Ib tug kiag li incompatible ua ke. Lub sijhawm digestion ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv. Siv ua ke, lawv cuam tshuam rau ib leeg txoj kev zom zaub mov: kev zom cov protein yuav tsum muaj acidic ib puag ncig, thiab carbohydrates xav tau ib qho alkaline. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev noj cov khoom no (piv txwv li, nqaij thiab qhob cij), cov txheej txheem ntawm fermentation pib hauv plab.
• Proteins ntxiv rau cov rog. Txhua yam zaub mov muaj roj inhibits qhov tso tawm ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws yog qhov tseeb. Ntawd yog, qhov no, nws hloov tawm tias qhov nqus ntawm cov protein tau hloov pauv ntau dua 2-3 teev. Nws tsis zoo. Tab sis muaj ib txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem no: ntau cov zaub ntsuab noj nrog rau cov proteins thiab cov rog yuav txo qis lub peev xwm ntawm yav tas los inhibit secretion.
• Protein plus qab zib. Ntxiv dua thiab, phem, vim hais tias qab zib (raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov rog) inhibits zus tau tej cov kua gastric. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem digestion ntawm cov protein kuj qeeb. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav nyob rau hauv lub plab mus ntev, ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm putrefaction.
• YProtein plus acid. Hmoov tsis sib xyaw vim qhov tseeb tiasProtein digestion yuav tsum tau pepsin thiab hydrochloric acid. Tab sis cov zaub mov acidic ua rau tsawg dua pepsin tso tawm, yog li ncua kev nqus ntawm cov khoom noj protein.

Cov lus nug raug cai tshwm sim: nrog dab tsi tom qab ntawd siv cov khoom muaj protein ntau? Cov zaub uas zoo tshaj plaws ua ke nrog cov protein muaj xws li dos, zucchini, zaub qhwv, celery, spinach thiab ntau lwm yam zaub uas tsis yog starchy.

Qhov tseem ceeb! Nrog cov protein, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj zaub xws li qos yaj ywm, beets, turnips, carrots thiab taub dag. Taum thiab peas kuj zoo dua noj nrog lwm tus, thiab tsis nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj protein ntau. Thiab ob peb qhov kev pom zoo ntxiv: nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv mis nyuj ua zaub mov ywj siab; kev zom zaub mov zoo ntawm cov protein tau yooj yim los ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tau txais kev kho cua sov; tsis txhob noj ntau yam khoom noj uas muaj protein ntau tib lub sijhawm.

In xaus

Los ntawm cov lus saum toj no, nws pom tseeb tias koj yuav tsum tau noj cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau ntxiv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua kom cov kev hloov pauv pathological tsis tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Yog tias koj xav noj qab haus huv - mloog peb cov lus pom zoo. Daim Ntawv Qhia Khoom Noj Protein yuav pab koj tsim kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv, noj qab nyob zoo.