Nplej hmoov ntawm lub hom phiaj dav dav: ntau yam, thov, cia
Nplej hmoov ntawm lub hom phiaj dav dav: ntau yam, thov, cia
Anonim

Txhua yam hmoov nplej: txhais li cas? Muaj tseeb tiag, ntau tus ntawm koj tau nug cov lus nug no, tsis tau ntsib qhov ib txwm "siab tshaj" lossis "thawj" qib ntawm ib pob.

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev xav txog kev tsim cov qhob cij, pasta thiab lwm yam khoom tsis muaj hmoov nplej. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov nplej mos thiab tawv nplej, hu ua durum. Hauv cov hmoov nplej durum, cov nplej muaj ntau gluten, tab sis hom no yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb rau kev loj hlob. Txij li cov nplej durum muaj ntau cov protein ntau thiab muaj qhov zoo dua lwm yam hauv kev ua, xws li cov nplej muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov nplej mos. Cov hmoov nplej yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom: yob, muffins, ziab, qhob cij, pasta, pancakes, sauces, pies, confectionery thiab hais txog. Undoubtedly, ib tug ua noj thiab txawm ib tug niam tsev yuav tsum paub dab tsi qib hmoov yog muab faib mus rau hauv thiab dab tsi faib nws muaj.

hom hmoov nplej
hom hmoov nplej

me ntsis txog cov qauv

Hauv Russia, ob GOSTs tau tsim los rau cov hmoov nplej: qhov no yog GOST R 52 189 - 2003 (Nplej hmoov. General technical conditions)thiab GOST R 52 668 - 2006 (Cov hmoov nplej rau durum nplej pasta. Specifications). Yog li, raws li thawj GOST, muaj rau ntau hom nplej ci hmoov: qhov no yog qib siab tshaj plaws, thib ob, thawj zaug, wholemeal thiab ntxiv. Kuj tseem muaj GOST ntawm cov hmoov nplej rau cov hom phiaj dav dav, uas tau muab faib ua yim hom. Nws feem ntau muab faib ua ntau hom nyob ntawm seb nws zoo npaum li cas thiab ntawm nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Muaj cov hmoov nplej hauv qab no: M 45-23, M 55-23, M 75-23, M 100-25, M 145-23, M 125-20, MK 55-23, MK 75-23. Thaum sib tsoo los ntawm durum nplej, cov khoom loj dua thaum ua cov nplej mos - qhov no tseem ceeb heev thaum ua cov nplej zom. Ntau hom nplej mos feem ntau yog siv los ua mov ci. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws qhov zoo, qee cov hmoov nplej durum qee zaum ntxiv rau nws. Cov hmoov nplej zoo li no muaj ntau yam zoo gluten, uas yuav tsum tau ua los tsim cov qhob cij zoo. Ntau hom mos kuj siv rau kev tsim cov hmoov nplej no.

hmoov dab tsi
hmoov dab tsi

Daim ntawv lo txhais tau li cas?

tsab ntawv M txhais tau hais tias cov hmoov nplej no yog tsim los ntawm ntau hom nplej, thiab yog K ntxiv rau nws, ces txhais tau tias qhov no yog cov khoom sib tsoo. Thawj feem ntawm lub npe digital qhia txog cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov zaub mov, uas yog, hu ua "cov ntsiab lus tshauv" (qhov no yog qhov feem pua ntawm cov tshauv sib npaug los ntawm thaj chaw loj). Thiab tus lej thib ob yog cov ntsiab lus gluten raws li feem pua, uas yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tso cai. Hauv suavGluten qib Txhua lub hom phiaj hmoov zoo ib yam li cov hmoov nplej qib thib ob, txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov hom phiaj hmoov tsis muaj gluten tsawg dua cov hmoov nplej zoo.

Dab tsi yog "cov hmoov tshauv" ntawm hmoov

Qhov ntau yam yog txiav txim siab siv cov hmoov tshauv. Cov ntsiab lus tshauv yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hmoov nplej uas nyob hauv cov kab mob thiab cov plhaub ntawm cov nplej. Rau txhua qib, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm thiab tus qauv teeb tsa cov hmoov tshauv raws li feem pua ntawm cov khoom qhuav ntawm cov khoom. Cov ntsiab lus tshauv tau txiav txim siab li cas? Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam tshwj xeeb los ntawm hlawv 20-30 grams hmoov nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav thiab pre-calcined crucible. Tom qab combustion, qhov loj ntawm fireproof residue yog ntsuas. Ashing yog nqa tawm kom txog thaum cov tshauv ua dawb los yog me ntsis greyish. Tom qab ntawd nws yog hnyav thiab ignited dua li ntawm nees nkaum feeb. Tom qab ua tiav combustion ntawm cov organic tshuaj, ib tug npaum li cas ntawm cov ntxhia tshuaj nyob, uas yog qhia raws li ib feem. Raws li muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm lawv tshuav, ib qib twg raug muab rau cov khoom. Qhov zoo dua cov nplej yog ntxuav los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov plhaub, cov hmoov tshauv qis dua thiab cov hmoov nplej siab dua.

hmoov nplej thiab nplej
hmoov nplej thiab nplej

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyiaj gluten nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom phiaj hmoov

Qhov ntau thiab qhov zoo ntawm gluten hauv hmoov txiav txim siab nws cov khoom ci. Cov hmoov nplej tag nrho cov hom phiaj, qib M 55-23, feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khob cij elastic heev. Nws ua rau pastries zoo heev, nrog rau cov ncuav pastries zoo heev. Los ntawm tus nqi ntawm gluten thiab whiteness, qib ntawm cov hom phiaj dav dav siv tsis txawv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws.ntau yam. Xws li cov hmoov nplej zoo meej rau kev ua cov ncuav pastry, bagels, crackers, dumplings thiab pasta. Lub hom phiaj dav dav ntawm cov hmoov nplej M 75-23 muaj ntau cov amino acids uas muaj txiaj ntsig, kev noj haus fiber ntau thiab cov zaub mov zoo thiab tsim nyog rau cov khoom ci ci thiab khoom qab zib ntau dua li lwm yam. Ob hom no feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim khoom.

hmoov nplej thiab ncuav qab zib
hmoov nplej thiab ncuav qab zib

Cov hmoov cia

Cov hmoov nplej tuaj yeem khaws nws cov khoom zoo nrog kev cia kom zoo rau ob xyoos. Cov khoom tshiab muaj cov ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag, tab sis musty los yog qaub yuav qhia tau tias nws yog lwj los yog ua los ntawm stale grain. Cov hmoov nplej tau yooj yim absorbs tsw. Txhawm rau kom hnov tsw tsw, koj yuav tsum sov nws me ntsis nrog koj ua pa ntawm koj txhais tes thiab tom qab ntawd hnov nws, lossis koj tuaj yeem hliv nws rau hauv khob, ntim dej ntawm 60 °, cia nws sawv ntsug ib pliag, ntws dej thiab mam li txiav txim qhov tsw. Cov khoom lag luam zoo saj me ntsis qab zib, tab sis yuav luag bland. Yog hais tias nws yog me ntsis qaub, qhov no qhia nws staleness. Thiab iab los yog qaub saj txhais tau hais tias cov hmoov nplej tau deteriorated los yog impurities ntawm wormwood muaj nyob rau hauv cov nplej. Ib qho qab zib qab qab qab zib feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom ua los ntawm Frost grain los yog sprouted nplej. Cov hmoov nplej tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia tau ntev. Nrog rau lub sij hawm cia, nws acidity nce thiab nws ua rancid. Kuj tseem muaj qhov hloov ntawm cov xim: nws dhau los ua xim dawb thaum lub sijhawm. Qhov zoo ntawm gluten kuj hloov pauv: hmoov nplej ua kom muaj zog thiab ncab zuj zus.

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