Bread: hom qhob cij, muaj pes tsawg leeg, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb xav tham txog qhob cij. Nws yog dab tsi? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog cov khoom noj khoom haus uas tau txais los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb yog ib txwm dej thiab hmoov nplej. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam additives thiab ntau ntau hom qhob cij.

khob cij yog dab tsi rau peb?

Feem ntau, khob cij hauv tib neeg lub neej yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb. Rau ntau lub teb chaws, cov khoom lag luam yog ib feem ntawm kab lis kev cai, vim nws tsis yog vim li cas txhua lub teb chaws muaj nws cov zaub mov txawv teb chaws rau nws cov khoom siv. Cov khoom no tau cawm tib neeg los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis hauv lub sijhawm hnyav. Yog li ntawd, qhob cij tsis yog ib qho khoom noj xwb, tab sis yog khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb.

Cov khoom no tau nrov vim nws cov khoom. Nws lub hauv paus yog cereals. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib tug neeg tau txais zaub proteins thiab muaj txiaj ntsig amino acids los ntawm nws.

Ntxiv rau, qhob cij yog qhov chaw ntawm B vitamins, minerals, nroj tsuag fiber ntau, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, hlau thiab phosphorus. Cov khoom no muaj calorie ntau ntau, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carbohydrates.

Tam sim no, tib neeg tsis muaj lub cev lojloads. Yog li, kev noj mov ntau dhau kuj yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom ua los ntawm rye thiab lwm yam cereals tau nrov. Cov khob cij no txhim kho kev zom zaub mov thiab muaj cov carbohydrates tsawg.

Bread tuaj yeem ntxiv cov tais diav, lossis nws tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom sib cais. Tom qab tag nrho, peb feem ntau siv qhaub cij, casseroles, qhaub cij. Hauv cov zaub mov txawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov tais diav uas tsim nyog raws li nws - khob cij ncuav qab zib, jelly, khob cij kua zaub.

National bread

Rau txhua haiv neeg, qhob cij tsis yog tsuas yog pastry zoo xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm kab lis kev cai. Cov zaub mov txawv teb chaws tau tsim los txij thaum ub thiab muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb.

Keeb kwm Lavxias teb sab qhob cij yog ib qho rye loaf. Niaj hnub no muaj ntau hom pastries ua los ntawm rye hmoov, uas nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog "Merchant" thiab "Borodino".

Hais txog lub khob cij yog hom qhob cij, peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias txhua lub teb chaws muaj nws cov zaub mov txawv rau kev ua noj thiab nws cov kev xav ntawm nws saj.

Tus nto moo ciabatta yog npaj hauv Ltalis. Qhov no yog ib lub ncuav mog qab zib raws li cov hmoov nplej dawb. Lub peculiarity ntawm ci yog hais tias nws muaj ib tug crispy crust thiab ib tug heev loj-pored qauv nyob rau hauv. Ntxiv rau, dos, qej, txuj lom tau muab tso rau hauv.

Fabkis muaj npe nrov rau nws cov baguettes, uas tsis muaj dab tsi ntau dua li cov ncuav me me. Lub khob cij no yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov nplej zoo kom nws dawb heev.

Npauj npaim pizza tuaj rau peb ntawm Mediterranean. Qhov no tsis yog lub khob cij heev, tab sis ib lub tais raws li nws. Thaum twgsai li sai tau thaum pizza tshwm sim, nws tsis muaj ntau cov khoom xyaw, nws yog ib lub ncuav mog qab zib zoo tib yam, smeared nrog lws suav sauce thiab sprinkled nrog cheese. Thaum pib, cov neeg pluag pluag noj nws. Tom qab ntawd, nws hloov pauv, tau txais ntau yam zaub mov txawv.

Ib tug nto moo Israeli matzah, uas yog tsim los ntawm unfermented mov paj.

Hauv Caucasus, lavash tau npaj ntev. Nws zoo li lub ncuav mog qab zib nyias, thiab nws yog ci rau hauv lub qhov cub zeb. Hauv Central Asia, qhob cij zoo li lavash yog siav hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb tandoor.

Koj tuaj yeem tham tsis kawg txog hom khob cij, hom khob cij ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias ua ntej ib tug neeg nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus. Tam sim no, ntau tus neeg txwv lawv tus kheej rau nws siv, ua raws li kev noj haus, thiab hloov nrog lwm yam khoom.

Bread: hom qhob cij

Hais txog khob cij, yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws feem ntau muab faib ua ntau hom xim: dub, grey, dawb.

Rau qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov tsiaj muaj tseeb dua, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab coj los ua lub hauv paus ntawm hom hmoov nplej uas tau ua. Raws li qhov no, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

1. Nplej (dawb).
2. Nplej-rye (grey).
3. Rye.
4. pob kws.

Cais, nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais txog lub ncuav uas tam sim no nrov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Yog li, ib lub khob cij yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov nplej dawb, tab sis los ntawm lub khob noom cookie ntau dua. Qhov no, qhov tseeb, yog qhov txawv. Tau kawg, nws hloov tawm los ua kom qab heev thiab tsw qab, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov.

Cia liCia peb saib ze ze ntawm txhua pawg mov ci.

Nplej qhob cij

Nov yog ib lub khob cij dawb ua los ntawm cov hmoov nplej. Nws qhov zoo yog feem ntau nyob ntawm hom hmoov nplej siv los ua nws. khob cij dawb yog tsim los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Ntau yam sib txawv tuaj yeem muaj qee yam ntxiv: bran, cocoa, noob. Tab sis feem ntau cov nplej nplej yog ci los ntawm cov hmoov nplej zoo. Nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv magnesium, calcium, starch. Qhov ci ci no pab tau rau leej twg? Nws yog qhov zoo rau cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem digestive lossis mob plab.

Ntau yam rye bread

Rye ib txwm noj mov. Nws tsis tshua muaj los ntawm ib hom hmoov nplej; raws li txoj cai, cov nplej-rye sib tov yog coj los ua noj. Qhov sib piv yuav txawv. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias ntau rye hmoov, qhov noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom ci. Nws muaj ntau cov zaub mov, vitamins, fiber, uas txo cov ntshav qabzib, tswj kev zom zaub mov.

Feem ntau ntawm kev muag khoom muaj ib qho loaf, uas yog rau caum feem pua ntawm rye, thiab plaub caug feem pua cov hmoov nplej. Cov tsos mob kuj nyob ntawm qhov proportions.

Lwm lub khob cij ntshiv - tsuas yog raws li cov hmoov nplej. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj fiber ntau ntau. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog siv los ntawm cov neeg uas xav kom poob phaus. Thiab qhov no tsis yog kev huam yuaj. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov khob cij no ua kom cov txheej txheem metabolic. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom no yog qhov nyuaj rau zom, thiab yog li tsis haum rau txhua tus. Rau qee tus, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab.

Cov qhob cij zoo tshaj plaws thiab noj qab nyob zoo yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov nplej tag nrho. Daim ntawv qhia nrog txiv apples, cumin, molasses thiab zib mu yog nrov heev. Los ntawm txoj kev, hom ci nrog cumin yog hu ua Lithuanian. Hauv lub khw koj tuaj yeem pom Turkish khob cij nrog txiv ntseej thiab raisins.

Feem ntau, rye qhob cij yuav pab tau rau cov neeg uas muaj roj cholesterol siab thiab npau suav ntawm kev poob phaus.

pob kws thiab nplej tag nrho

pob kws yog ib qho mov ci yooj yim uas muaj fiber ntau. Nws muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tsawg, tab sis muaj cov vitamins A, B, D.

Tag nrho cov nplej yog tsim nrog cov hmoov nplej uas tsim nyog. Vim li cas thiaj hu ua whole grain? Yog, vim hais tias nws yog unrefined, uas yog, ua ntej sib tsoo, txheej txheej tsis raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov nplej, uas muaj tag nrho cov vitamins thiab minerals. Los ntawm cov hmoov nplej zoo li no, lub khob cij hnyav thiab khob, nws tsis crumble thiab tsis tau stale rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig yog dab tsi? Tom qab nws siv, koj tsis xav noj rau lub sij hawm ntev, muaj los ntawm kev xav ntev ntawm satiety. Cov qhob cij no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kab mob plawv thiab vascular, ntshav qab zib mellitus, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tib neeg noj zaub mov lossis rau cov neeg uas tswj lawv qhov hnyav tas li.

Bread production technology

Txij thaum pib ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ci ci, cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev thiab mob siab rau los ntawm ib tug neeg. Txawm tias niaj hnub siv tshuab, ua mov ci yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj.

txheej txheem muaj ntau theem:

1. Kev npaj cov khoom xyaw. Qhov no suav nrog sifting hmoov, sib tov ntau hom hmoov, thiab ua haujlwm nrog gluten.
2. Kneading khob noom.
3. Txhim kho cov txheej txheem fermentation thiab leavening.
4. Kev faib cov xeem rau hauv proportions.
5. Kev ua txhaum cai.
6. Baking.
7. txias.
8. Kev ntim khoom.

Kev tsim cov khob cij suav nrog kev siv cov khoom yooj yim xws li dej, hmoov nplej, poov xab, ntsev. Lwm cov khoom xyaw tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los muab qhov tsw: mis nyuj, butter, molasses, qab zib, poppy noob, m alt, spices.

Kev npaj ua khob noom yog txog xya caum feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Los ntawm theem tseem ceeb no nyob ntawm seb koj puas tau txais cov ncuav qab zib los tsis tau.

Cov khob cij tuaj yeem npaj tau ob txoj hauv kev: tsis yog khob noom cookie thiab daim txhuam cev.

Txoj kev ua kua qaub yuav ua rau qaub ncaug. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, sib tov ib nrab ntawm cov hmoov nplej thiab 2/3 ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov lus qhia hauv daim ntawv qhia. Txij li thaum peb lub khob cij yog ua los ntawm cov poov xab, lawv kuj muab tso rau hauv qhov sib tov yog cov nplej yog ci. Rau rye ci, sourdough yog siv. Lub khob noom cookie yuav tsum sawv ntsug hauv cov txheej txheem fermentation rau ob mus rau plaub teev ntawm qhov kub ntawm nees nkaum xya mus rau peb caug degrees. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, ntxiv tag nrho cov khoom xyaw ntxiv thiab knead lub khob noom cookie.

Nrog txoj kev tsis yog hmoov nplej, tag nrho cov khoom xyaw uas tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv qhia yog sib tov ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, lub khob noom cookie yog tso rau ferment rau peb mus rau plaub teev, ces nws yog ci.

Tseem muaj ib lub tshuab rau brewing mov paj, uas ib feem kaum ntawm cov hmoov yog brewed nrog boiling dej.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias ob txoj kev yog ntau yam tshaj plaws. Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv kev tsim khoom lawv tsuas yog siv nws xwb. Xws liTxoj kev ua kom ceev cov txheej txheem ua noj, tab sis qhov zoo kuj yuav raug kev txom nyem. Tab sis txoj kev custard ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua noj qab, ruddy qhob cij uas tsis stale ntev.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev ci tau tshwm sim.

Micronization tsuas yog siv rau qee cov nplej. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li kev siv cov hluav taws xob infrared, uas ua rau cov nplej boil tsuas yog vim nws cov qauv. Cov txheej txheem cua sov ceev ceev khaws cov khoom noj ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev ci.

Extrusion - nplej yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv siab. Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv tshuab tawg. Kub kub thiab siab sai sai boil lub loj.

Historical digression

Hnub no nws yog ib qho uas peb cov khob cij tau npaj los ntawm cov cereals. Txawm li cas los xij, historians sib cav tias qhov no tsis yog ib txwm muaj. Thiab thawj qhob cij yog tsim los ntawm acorns. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, tsis muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm lawv, thiab lawv cov khoom sau tsis xav tau kev siv zog ntau. Yog li ntawd tib neeg tau kawm ua zaub mov noj los ntawm lawv.

Tseem muaj ib qho thib ob, raws li thawj lub khob cij tau npaj siv txiv ntseej.

Qhov kev tsim ntawm nplej-raws li ci tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Cov qauv ntawm cov qhob cij niaj hnub tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv Neolithic era. Thaum xub thawj, lawv yog cov ncuav qab zib zoo tib yam. Lawv tau npaj los ntawm cov neeg Sumerians thaum ub thiab cov neeg Iyiv. Thiab tom qab ntawd hauv tebchaws Iziv, tib neeg twb tau paub txog kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nplej, siv zog ua kom tiav nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg Iyiv tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev los ua mov ci. Nws paub tiasnyob rau xyoo 17th BC, lawv twb paub yuav ua li cas brew npias, uas tej zaum yuav coj lawv mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv fermentation ua khob noom cookie.

nrawm nrawm, kos duab ci tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, cov cereal nroj tsuag uas muaj nyob rau hauv tej vaj tse tau siv los ua lub hauv paus rau cov khoom noj mov. Tab sis lub sourdough coj ntau hom. Nws tuaj yeem yog npias ua npuas ncauj lossis ib puag ncig cov kab mob. Kev kos duab ntawm ci ci tau hloov kho thiab txhim kho ntau txhiab xyoo, tab sis los txog rau niaj hnub no, lub hauv paus ntawm txhua daim ntawv qhia yog cereal hmoov, poov xab thiab dej.

keeb kwm ntawm rye bread

Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia tau tias daim ntawv qhia zaub mov Lavxias yog ci tshwj xeeb los ntawm rye hmoov. Cov qhob cij dub tau tshwm sim hauv Russia ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ib. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov khoom no tau nyiam los ntawm txhua chav kawm: cov neeg nplua nuj, cov neeg pluag thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nruab nrab.

Tab sis txawv teb chaws, rye qhob cij tsuas yog noj los ntawm cov chav kawm qis, uas yog, cov neeg pluag tshaj. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lawv kho cov khoom no nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li txoj kev. Cov qhob cij dub tau suav tias yog ib txwm muaj. Tej zaum qhov no tshwm sim vim huab cua zoo dua rau rye dua li lwm cov qoob loo.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua plaub-15th nyob rau hauv Russia, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm xws li mov ci: Borodinsky, custard, Krasnoselsky. Cov zaub mov no tau muaj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no, thiab lawv tuaj rau peb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Rye bread yog txaus siab thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Nws txo qis cov roj cholesterol thiab ntshav qab zib. Thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm sourdough thiabfiber ntau tsim cov microflora zoo.

Tshwj xeeb tom qab

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, khob cij ib txwm yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus txhua lub sijhawm. Hom khob cij tam sim no muaj ntau haiv neeg, txhua tus tuaj yeem xaiv ntau yam rau lawv tus kheej, raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub cev.