Technology ua whiskey hauv tsev

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Muaj tseeb tsis muaj cov khoom siv cawv uas cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev tsis tuaj yeem npaj ua khoom siv tes ua. Whiskey yog ib hom cawv. Tau kawg, qhov saj ntawm "dej nyob", raws li cov dej haus no kuj hu ua, yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws ua. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, thev naus laus zis rau kev ua whiskey hauv ntau lub teb chaws yuav luag zoo ib yam. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom haus cawv no hauv tsev. Koj yuav kawm txog technology ntawm kev ua whiskey hauv tsev los ntawm kab lus no.

About line-up

Whisky ntau lawm tshuab suav nrog kev siv cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no:

• Sprouted nplej. Cov khoom no tseem hu ua m alt.
• Yees Yeast.
• dej.

Whisky ntau lawm tshuab tso cai sivcaramel los yog qab zib. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom pheej yig feem ntau yog sau nrog cov khoom no. Ntau yam flavors, dyes thiab lwm yam tshuaj additives nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ua whiskey yog tsis siv.

M alt processing

Ua ntej koj pib tsim "dej nyob" hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua whiskey hauv Scotland, uas yog qhov chaw yug ntawm tus ntsuj plig no. Hauv lub tebchaws no, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov kws tshaj lij siv cov barley ntshiab. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thev naus laus zis rau kev ua whiskey yog qhov txawv me ntsis. Piv txwv li, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nplej mixs, ntawm uas 51% yog pob kws, thiab tus so yog rye, barley, mov thiab lwm yam cereals. Nyob rau theem no, m alt raug tshem tawm ntawm cov dej thiab xa mus rau chav tshwj xeeb rau ziab. Hauv Scotland, uas yog nyob rau Isle of Islay, bog peat raug hlawv, thiab m alt raug kho nrog pa taws nws tus kheej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub whiskey tau txais nrog cov yam ntxwv "smoking" saj thiab smoky aroma.

About wort npaj

Nyob m alt ntxuav los ntawm impurities raug xa mus kuaj. Ntsuas nws cov kab mob nrog cov kab mob parasites thiab qib ntawm cov av noo. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab kuaj xyuas, hmoov nplej yog tsim los ntawm cov noob qoob loo thiab qhuav, uas yog tov nrog dej. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua mashing. Qhov kev sib tsoo no yog tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb wort kettle. Whisky ntau lawm technology koom nrog brewing nyob rau hauv ntau yam kub. Txhawm rau tsim ib homogeneous loj, tswj qhov kub ntawm 38 txog 40 degrees. Ntawm 55 degrees, cov protein tau tawg, ntawm 72 degrees, hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog saccharified, ntawm 78 - kev tsim ntawm qhov kawgCov khoom qab zib.

About fermentation

Tshwj xeeb cawv poov xab yog ntxiv rau cov wort uas muaj nyob rau hauv ntoo lossis hlau vats. Cov txheej txheem fermentation nws tus kheej kav peb hnub ntawm 37 degrees. Hauv qhov no, active reproduction ntawm poov xab tshwm sim. Thaum xub thawj lawv yuav noj cov pa oxygen, thiab thaum nws khiav tawm, cov suab thaj yuav sib cais. Cov mash uas tau yeej rov qab mus los ntawm ob lossis peb zaug distillation hauv ib lub thawv tooj liab distillation - alambika. Copper tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw qab los ntawm cawv thiab tsim cov xwm txheej rau tshuaj lom neeg, tom qab ntawd Scotch whiskey muaj vanilla, chocolate thiab nutty sau ntawv.

Stainless steel alambicas kuj siv tau. Thawj distillation muab 30-degree khoom. Whisky nrog lub zog ntawm 70 degrees yog tau tom qab re-distillation. Qhov ntsuas no tau txo qis mus rau 60 degrees siv cov dej ntws zoo. Qee qhov chaw distilleries siv dej tawv, uas muaj ntau yam kab. Yog li ntawd, whiskey tau txais nrog cov yam ntxwv ntxhia tsw.

About shutter speed

Oak chim yog muab rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm whiskey, nyob rau hauv uas sherry tau khaws cia yav dhau los. Pheej yig ntau yam yog hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv bourbon ntim. Qhov nruab nrab, whiskey hauv Scotland muaj hnub nyoog 5 xyoos. Kuj tseem muaj ntau yam uas tau nyob hauv cov thoob rau ntau xyoo lawm. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, lub sijhawm ntev dua, tus nqi cawv ntau dua.

About handicraft production

Scottish whiskey ua zoo ib yamrau moonshine. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias muaj ib txoj kev ntxiv uas kav rau rau lub hlis. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv insisting on oak ntoo. Yog tias koj tsis txaus siab rau hom kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv tsev thiab koj xav ua kom haus cawv sai dua, koj tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv qhia nram qab no. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias cawv yog diluted mus rau 50-degree fortress, thiab ces insisted nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib chim rau 10 hnub xwb. Daim ntawv qhia no rau kev ua whiskey tsis suav nrog cov txheej txheem pom. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau yog tias saj ntawm cov khoom cawv tsis txaus siab.

pib qhov twg?

Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua whiskey hauv tsev suav nrog ntau theem. Thaum pib, koj yuav tsum npaj sawdust. Lawv yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog dej npau npau thiab hauv daim ntawv no lawv yuav tsum sawv ntsug rau ib teev. Tom qab ntawd lub broth yog drained, thiab sawdust yog kho nrog dej txias. Tom qab ib hnub, cov dej tshem tawm, thiab cov ntoo tseem nyob hauv lub hnub kom qhuav.

Cov khoom xyaw

Cov neeg uas yuav ua cawv hauv tsev yuav tsum tau txais cov khoom nram qab no:

• Barley m alt. xav tau 8 kg.
• 32 litres dej lim zoo los yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo siv cov dej rhaub.
• 300g nias poov xab. Yog tias cov no tsis nyob ntawm tes, cov qhuav qhuav (50 g) kuj yuav ua.

Barley yog siv los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws ib leeg m alt whisky. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev npaj ntawm ob thiab peb-txheej cawvhaus.

Qhov no yuav tsum muaj ntau hom m alt. Whiskey zoo yog tsim los ntawm barley, rye, pob kws thiab nplej m alt.

thawj kauj ruam

Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau crush lub m alt kom nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm grits. Cov me me ntawm tev tuaj yeem sab laug. Nyob rau theem no, koj txoj haujlwm tsuas yog ua kom cov nplej zom rau hauv ob peb daim me me. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob overdo nws, txwv tsis pub lub m alt yuav tig mus rau hauv hmoov. Rau ib tug pib, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom tau av m alt.

Tom ntej, hauv lub thawv hlau loj, koj yuav tsum tau rhaub dej kom txog 70 degrees. Tom qab ntawd cov cereals siav yog nchuav rau hauv lub nkoj no thiab sib tov nrog ib tug ntoo mallet los yog stick. Yog tias txhua yam ua tiav lawm, koj yuav tau txais ib qho sib xyaw ua ke yam tsis muaj pob.

Tom qab ntawd, wort rov qab muab tso rau hauv hluav taws thiab coj mus rau 65 degrees. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias hauv lub thawv, lub thawv yuav tsum tau kaw kom nruj. Lawv sov nws rau ib teev thiab ib nrab. Thaum lub sij hawm no, qhov sib tov yog stirred txhua 15 feeb. Thaum kawg, sab sauv ntawm wort yuav dhau los ua lub teeb, thiab tuab yuav nyob rau hauv qab. Cov cua sov yog tsim nyog los pib txheej txheem saccharification. Nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau tawg mus rau hauv dextrins (soluble substances) thiab qab zib. Twb tau thaum lub sij hawm fermentation, qab zib yuav ua tiav los ntawm cov poov xab rau hauv cawv. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov txheej txheem saccharification tsuas yog ua tau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 61 txog 72 degrees. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub dhau mus dhau qhov kev txwv no, cov txheej txheem yuav nres thiab koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem rov pib dua.

Thaum lub wortrhuab mus rau qhov xav tau kub, nws yog txias hauv dej txias rau 25 degrees. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua sai sai los tiv thaiv kev sib npaug ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom qab zib.

Ua haujlwm nrog cov poov xab

Cov khoom xyaw no yuav tsum tau diluted raws li cov lus qhia ntawm pob. Tam sim no koj xav tau ib lub tank fermentation, uas yog sau nrog chilled wort, seasoned nrog poov xab thiab sib tov. Lub nkoj no yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub foob dej thiab tawm hauv chav tsaus nrog qhov kub tsis siab tshaj 25 thiab tsis qis dua 18 degrees. Fermentation kav li ntawm 3 mus rau 14 hnub. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov cua kub hauv chav.

Txhua hnub, cov dej foob raug tshem tawm, thiab cov mash yog tov nrog ib tug ntoo stick. Tau kawg, qhov no kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog txhais tes huv. Yog tias koj pom tias cov dej foob tsis tau npuas rau ob peb hnub, thiab wort tau dhau los ua sib dua, ces saj nws. Yog ua tau raug lawm, wort yuav iab thiab tsis muaj qab zib.

About distillation

Nyob rau theem no, cov mash yog poured los ntawm ib tug colander rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub distillation. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau siv lub colander thiaj li yooj yim cais ib feem ntawm m alt uas tsis yaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pellets. Yog tias txhua yam tso tseg, ces thaum lub sijhawm distillation, cov pellets yuav kub hnyiab, ua rau lub whiskey saj iab.

Ntxiv mus, cov txiaj ntsig tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hli tseem. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tau txais 6 litres ntawm 40-degree barley moonshine. Thaum lub sij hawm thawj distillation, cov tawm los tsis tas yuav muab faib ua tails, taub hau, thiab lub cev feem. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov khoom, nrog rautus nqi ntawm cawv nyob rau hauv nws. Lub resulting distillate yog diluted nrog dej (txog 20%) thiab rov distilled.

Thawj 12% cawv tau txais ntawm cov zis yog hu ua "heads", lawv yog cov feem ntau nrog cov khoom tsis zoo. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub nkoj cais. Yog tias qhov kev pom zoo no tsis raug saib xyuas, tom qab ntawd hauv tsev whiskey yuav muaj qhov tsis xis nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav ua rau koj noj qab haus huv. Cov feem tseem ceeb yog sib sau ua ke, uas yog hu ua "lub cev" ntawm moonshiners. Qhov nruab nrab, koj yuav tsum tau txog 3-4 litres.

Yog tias koj xav tau lub tshuab distillate zoo, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov thib peb distillation. Hauv qhov no, ntawm qhov tawm ntawm "lub cev", koj tso 3% ntawm cov khoom. Kev txiav txim los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov thib peb distillation yog tsis tshua muaj siv vim nws lub zog hnyav.

Kev txiav txim siab

Tam sim no cov nplej moonshine yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm ntoo qhib. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau ob txoj hauv kev. Qee tus tswv tau txais lub pob ntoo qhib, uas tau ntim nrog distillate. Cawv muaj hnub nyoog hauv qab daus rau rau lub hlis. Qhov thib ob txoj kev suav nrog kev siv ntoo qhib pegs.

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, thawj txoj kev suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tshua siv. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua haujlwm nrog ntoo qhib pegs. Nws yog ntshaw tias lawv yog 350 mm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab ua los ntawm 50-xyoo-laus ntoo qhib. Cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom siv cov tawv ntoo, sawdust thiab shavings, vim tias cov tannins tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau ntau yuav ua rau lub whiskey saj tougher.

Koj yuav tsum hais kom cov distillate hauvjars los yog lwm yam iav ntim. Twb tau kho nrog dej kub npau npau thiab dej txias, thiab tom qab ntawd qhuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub, oak pegs yog nteg kom lawv haum kiag li nyob rau hauv lub nkoj. Qhov nruab nrab, muaj txog li 15 daim ib lub nkoj. Tam sim no distillate yog nchuav rau hauv txhua lub thawv thiab kaw nruj nreem nrog lub hau. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lub nkoj yuav tsum sawv hauv qab daus rau tsawg kawg rau lub hlis. Yog tias qhov kis tau ntev dua, cov cawv cawv hauv tsev yuav tig tawm nrog kev saj zoo dua.

Kev lim

Tom qab rau 6 lub hlis lossis 12 lub hlis, cov kaus poom cawv raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cellar thiab lim. Ua qhov no nrog cov ntawv lim dej. Tom qab ntawd, lub whiskey yog ntim thiab kaw nruj nreem kom khaws cia zoo dua. Muaj ntau ntau yam zaub mov txawv rau kev ua whiskey hauv tsev, ntau yam hauv qab no.

thawj txoj kev

Qhov kev siv tshuab no yog kev tsim cov whiskey los ntawm lub tsev moonshine. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm, koj yuav xav tau cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no:

• Moonshine nrog lub zog ntawm 45 degrees. Nws yuav siv 3 litres.
• 3 dia ntawm ntoo qhib ntoo.
• Chaw (50 g).
• Prunes lossis qhuav apricots (txog 10 berries).

Oak bark tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev ua lawv tus kheej charcoal los ntawm cov ntoo txiv ntoo, ntoo qhib lossis birch.

Kev nce qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Yog tias koj xav tias lub hli muaj zog heev, ces dilute nws mus rau 45 degrees. Ncaj nraim whiskey tsis yog diluted, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau nws saj thiab aromatic zog. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau grind lub charcoal rau hauv plua plav. CesOak bark yog steamed: ua ntej, ntoo yuav sawv hauv boiling dej rau 10 feeb, thiab ces nyob rau hauv dej txias rau 15 feeb. Tom qab lub bark yog qhuav. Lub thawv npaj ua ntej tau ntim nrog cov ntoo ua tiav, qhuav apricots (los yog prunes) thiab pounded charcoal.

Tom ntej, lub nkoj tau ntim nrog lub hli thiab kaw nruj nreem. Cawv muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus thiab txias rau ob lub lis piam. Tom qab lub sij hawm no, lub hub yog qhib thiab lub whiskey yog saj. Thaum kawg, cawv yog lim los ntawm cov paj rwb-gauze lim.

kev xaiv thib ob

Kev ua cawv los ntawm moonshine hauv tsev hauv txoj kev no yog txheej txheem siv sijhawm ntau dua. Lub essence ntawm txoj kev yog mus xyaum ua kev laus ntawm lub distillate nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo qhib chim. Ua ntej, ob peb daim me me yog txiav los ntawm ntoo qhib slats lossis boards. Tom qab ntawd lawv muab qhwv rau hauv ntawv ci thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov cub rau kib. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj chaw qhib nyob rau ntawm ntoo. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav haus luam yeeb hauv chav ntau, uas koj yuav ua kom cua tau ob peb hnub.

Cov txheej txheem roasting yuav siv koj tsis pub dhau peb teev. Qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm seb qhov tsw koj xav muab whiskey. Piv txwv li, thaum roasting tuav ntawm 120 degrees, qhov kawg cawv cov khoom yuav muaj lub teeb aroma, 150 - ntau pronounced. Ntawm 250 degrees, dej haus yuav tig tawm nrog vanilla smoky sau ntawv, 270 - nrog saj ntawm almonds.

Muaj peb daim rau peb litre hub. Ib lub nkoj nrog ntoo sab hauv yog ntim nrog distillate thiab kaw nruj nreem. Tam sim no moonshine yuav tsum tau infused nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntujqhov chaw txias. Koj tuaj yeem lim dej cawv tom qab plaub lub hlis.