Glitter thiab xim qab zib (duab). Kev tsim khoom qab zib thiab kev ntsuam xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Lub ntiaj teb ib ncig ntawm peb tau dhau los ua neeg paub ntau zaus peb tsis txawm pom tej yam me me uas ua rau peb lub neej. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav haus tshuaj yej lossis kas fes, peb ua siab tawv noj qab zib los txhim kho qhov saj. Tab sis cov khoom no yog dab tsi? Qab zib xim dab tsi? Nws puas muaj ci? Tom qab tag nrho, muaj xws li ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no nyob rau hauv lub rhawv nyob rau hauv lub khw. Ntau yam nyob ntawm hom khoom no. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov xim ntawm crystalline qab zib, ces nws yog dawb, thiab yog hais tias nws yog cane, ces cov kev xaiv yuav txawv.

khoom noj tseem ceeb

Muaj ntau ntau hom sucrose, uas nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub hu ua qab zib. Nws muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim nws yog ib qho yooj yim digestible carbohydrate. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws tau muab faib ua ob yam (fructose thiab qabzib), thiab tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, tus neeg muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob, txij li cov piam thaj yog qhov chaw ntawm ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov zog uas lub cev xav tau thaum nruab hnub. Tab sis nws cov concentration yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj tus qauv, vim hais tias qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav. Glucose muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo thaum muaj tshuaj lom lossis qee yam kab mob siab. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev no, yog li qee zaum nws tau siv ncaj qha.mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, qab zib yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv rau kev npaj cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub confectionery kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, caramel, meringue thiab dragees yog 80-95% ntawm cov khoom qab zib no, chocolate thiab khoom qab zib - 50%, hmoov - 30-40%. Cov xim ntawm cov suab thaj yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv raw nws tau ua los ntawm thiab seb nws puas tau raug tshuaj dawb ntxiv lawm.

Discovery keeb kwm

India yog lub tsev rau txhua tus neeg nyiam qab zib. Lo lus no nws tus kheej muaj keeb kwm Indian thaum ub, tab sis nws tuaj rau hauv lus Lavxias los ntawm Greek. Cov neeg European pioneers ntawm cov khoom no yog cov neeg Loos. Lawv yuav tom tsev thiab coj mus rau lawv thaj av. Tim lyiv teb chaws, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawd yog ib lub xeev ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws, ua raws li ib tug intermediary nyob rau hauv xws li kev lag luam. Cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob qab zib. Ua ntej, cov kua txiv tau muab rho tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, cov nplej qab zib tau tshwm sim. Cov xim qab zib uas tawm los yog xim av.

Lub sijhawm dhau los, cov neeg Loos tau pib cog qoob loo nyob rau yav qab teb Spain thiab Sicily, tab sis nrog kev tawg ntawm lawv lub xeev, tag nrho cov khoom raug tso tseg. Qab zib thawj zaug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub 11th-12th centuries. Tab sis tsuas yog cov neeg tseem ceeb paub nws saj, uas yog tus huab tais thiab nws retinue. Peter kuv txiav txim siab tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom no hauv nws lub teb chaws thiab qhib thawj "qab zib chamber" nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, tab sis txhua yam tsis yooj yim. Tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom siv raw tseem yuav tsum tau xa los ntawm cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1809, ib tug breakthrough nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, raws li nws tau pom tias qab zib yuav muab rho tawm los ntawm ib lub zos cag qoob loo - beets. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov khoom no tsis tau tawm ntawm lub rooj.ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv Russia thiab tus nqi ntawm nws noj tsuas yog loj hlob txhua xyoo.

Brown Sua

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, hom qab zib no yog tsim los ntawm cane. Cov muaju yog npog nrog molasses (fodder molasses), uas yog vim li cas rau xim thiab tsw qab zib. Lub tshuab yog yooj yim heev (ib syrup yog ua, thiab ces nws yog boiled), tab sis tseem nws muaj nws tus kheej specifications. Muaj ntau ntau hom suab thaj xim av. Lawv sib txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm molasses uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov muaju. Feem ntau, vim muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntxoov ntxoo, hom no hu ua " kas fes" lossis "tshuaj yej". Cov neeg tsim khoom tso cov khoom no ua cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, uas ua rau nws nce nqi. Tab sis cov kws paub txog zaub mov ceeb toom: vim tias cov piam thaj tsis ua kom zoo, nws yuav muaj cov khoom tsis zoo, thiab cov ntsiab lus calorie ntawm cov khoom no tsis qis dua li niaj zaus. Feem ntau cov xim qab zib xav tau yog ua tiav los ntawm bleaching nrog carbonic acid los yog sulfur dioxide.

YProduction los ntawm beets

Tus tho kev hauv daim teb no yog Andreas Margraf, uas luam tawm nws txoj haujlwm xyoo 1747. Nws tham txog lub peev xwm rho tawm suab thaj los ntawm beet keeb kwm. Nws kuj tau piav qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov txheej txheem no, uas tau nqis los rau peb hnub. Nws cov tub ntxhais kawm Ahardu tau sim tsim ib tsob nroj rau kev tsim cov khoom qab zib no, tab sis ua tsis tiav. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1806, nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm Napoleon, cov txheej txheem tsim tau tsim. Nws ntseeg tias qhov no yuav pab tau Fabkis txoj kev cia siab rau tus kheej thiab tsis yog nyob ntawm kev xa khoom txawv teb chaws.

thawj tsob nroj rau kev tsim cov khoom siv raw hauv tebchaws Russia tau tsim hauv xyoo 1806, tab sis cov khoom tsim tau tsuas yog tsim rau distillation rau hauv cawv. Thiab xyoo 1897, twb muaj 236 lub chaw ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws, uas ua ke tsim tau txog li 45 lab poods qab zib hauv ib xyoos. Cov cuab yeej siv rau kev tsim cov khoom no los ntawm beets yog raws li hauv qab no: syrup yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus qoob loo los ntawm diffusion, dhau los ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej kom cais cov pulp, cov kua yog rhuab mus rau 60 degrees, thaum sib cais dej ntau dhau. Tom qab ntawd cov kua txiv yog purified nrog txiv qaub thiab carbonic acid. Lub resulting concentrate yog evaporated kom txog thaum muaju tshwm sim, lim thiab muab tso rau hauv centrifuges, uas cais cov khoom xav tau los ntawm molasses. Cov khoom uas tshwm sim yog qhuav thiab qab zib yog tau nrog sib txawv concentrations ntawm sucrose.

Dab tsi yog xim beet qab zib tso cai muag? Cov lus teb raug yog dawb, tej zaum tsuas yog ib qho ntxoov ntxoo me ntsis ntawm yellowness.

Organoleptic khoom

Organoleptic yog ib txoj hauv kev uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv qhov kev xav, xws li pom, hnov, saj, tsw thiab kov. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv Russia, qab zib yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xuab zeb. Cov kws tshaj lij, ua ntej tso cai rau kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom tsim, tshuaj xyuas seb cov xim qab zib yog dab tsi, seb nws puas muaj ci, nws saj li cas. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum muaj cov muaju ntawm tib qhov loj thiab cov duab, uas tau hais tawm cov npoo thiab ci ntsa iab. Cov ntxhiab tsw thiab saj ntawm cov khoom qhuav thiab nws cov tshuaj yuav tsum yog qab zib, tsis muaj impurities. Nws yuav tsum yaj hauv dej kom tiav, thiab cov xim ntawm cov dej tsis hloov. qab zib xim- dawb, me ntsis daj tinge yog ua tau. Yuav tsum muaj cuab yeej - flowability, tsis tau lumps.

Refined

Refined qab zib yog hu ua ntxiv qab zib refined nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lumps. Nws yog tsim los ntawm yav tas los piav txog granulated qab zib. Nws cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov ntawm nws "kwv tij". Ua cov khoom nrog lwm qhov kev ua kom huv thiab recrystallization. Qhov no tso cai rau koj ua kom nws txawm ntau concentrated. Tom qab nws raug xa mus rau cov presses, uas tsim cov khoom tuav, faib ua tej daim. Cov xim thiab luster ntawm qab zib nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum yog dawb nrog ib tug ua tau bluish tint, tsis muaj impurities, tab sis tsis muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm no. Qhov saj thiab tsw yuav tsum yog ntshiab, qab zib xwb.

Maple qab zib

Ntxiv rau cov npe nrov, muaj ntau yam ntxiv uas tseem muaj nyob hauv khw. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog maple qab zib. Nws cov khoom tsim tau pib nyob rau xyoo pua 17th nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Canada. Cov khoom siv raw rau nws yog qab zib maple sap. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis thiab Lub Peb Hlis, cov trunks ntawm tsob ntoo no yog drilled kom tshem tawm cov kua uas pib ntws los ntawm lub qhov. Nws muaj txog li 3% qab zib. Cov txheej txheem ntws mus txuas ntxiv rau ob peb lub lis piam, uas tso cai rau koj los sau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj heev. Nws undergoes ua, uas yog evaporation, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas "maple syrup" yog tau, thiab cov khoom kawg yog twb muab rho tawm los ntawm nws. Ib tsob ntoo ib xyoos tuaj yeem tsim tau 3 mus rau 6 phaus qab zib.

Cov pej xeem hauv zos tau hloov mus rau cov khoom qab zib no ntev, tsis nco qab txog txawv teb chawskev xaiv. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ob peb zaug sweeter dua li niaj zaus. Yog tias peb tham txog dab tsi xim qab zib yuav tsum yog, ces peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias xim av, txij li maple phoov tsuas muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom qab zib no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim nws muaj cov vitamins B.

pam qab zib

Nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm Asia, lwm hom qab zib raug tsim - xibtes, lossis jagre. Ntau hom xibtes yog haum rau qhov no. Incisions yog ua rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cobs ntawm flowering ntoo, los ntawm cov kua qab zib ntws. Feem ntau, nws yog cov txiv maj phaub xibtes uas tau xaiv rau cov khoom zoo li no, tab sis cov qoob loo zoo kuj tuaj yeem sau tau los ntawm arenga lossis tsob ntoo hnub. Rau ib xyoos, txog li 250 kg ntawm kua txiv yog muab rho tawm los ntawm ib tsob nroj, qhov concentration ntawm sucrose nyob rau hauv uas mus txog 20%. Yog tias cov neeg ua haujlwm paub kho tsob ntoo kom zoo, ces nws tuaj yeem siv tau ntau xyoo.

Raws li lwm yam thev naus laus zis, evaporation yog siv ntawm no, tab sis nws tau ua tiav hauv cov txiv maj phaub plhaub, uas muab cov khoom lag luam ib puag ncig. Nws yog feem ntau noj los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom lawv tus kheej, uas yog, cov neeg nyob hauv zos. Yog tias koj xav paub seb cov piam thaj xim dab tsi ua rau hauv txoj kev no muaj, ces koj tuaj yeem teb tias nws yog xim av. Yog tias koj ntxiv rau tshuaj yej lossis kas fes, nws yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau cov dej qab zib xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau nws muaj qhov tsw qab ntxiag.

Sorghum qab zib

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Suav teb thaum ub, muaj ib qho kev coj ua kom tshem tawm cov qab zib los ntawm sorghum. Thaum lub sij hawm American Civil War, England thaiv cov khoom ntawmcane qab zib mus rau sab qaum teb lub xeev. Qhov no coj mus rau kev sib kis ntawm lwm hom, uas yog sorghum. Tab sis tom qab cov xwm txheej no, kev tsim khoom tsis tau tsim, vim tias los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov nroj tsuag no tsis yooj yim heev. Thiab qhov nyuaj yog nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lub resulting kua txiv yog nplua nuj tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv sucrose, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntxhia ntsev, uas tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm ntshiab crystals. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas drought kav feem ntau ntawm lub xyoo, sorghum tuaj yeem yog qhov tsim nyog hloov pauv rau lwm qhov ntawm cov suab thaj. Ntxiv mus, nws txoj kev cog qoob loo tsis xav tau cov tshuab tshwj xeeb lossis cov tshuab. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los nrhiav cov khoom no ntawm cov khoom txee, tab sis koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov xim qab zib yuav tsum yog amber. Ntau zaus nws muag hauv daim ntawv syrup.

Yog li, qab zib yog ib yam khoom uas tau nkag mus rau hauv peb lub neej. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab nws qhov zoo, cov kws tshaj lij tau mloog zoo rau cov ntsuas xws li saj, duab, tsw thiab xim qab zib. Cov duab ntawm nws ntau hom tuaj yeem pom ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm khoom noj khoom haus. Qhov no yuav pab koj xaiv cov khoom zoo dua. Nws tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov xim ntawm ntsev thiab qab zib yog qhov sib txawv: ntsev yog dawb huv, thaum qab zib tuaj yeem muaj xim daj lossis xim av, nyob ntawm seb hom.