Boiled sausage: muaj pes tsawg leeg, GOST yuav tsum tau, ntau yam

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Hnub no, ntawm cov txee hauv khw muag khoom noj muaj ntau yam ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled, uas txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntau yam thiab xim. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov khoom no tau nrov ntau pua xyoo dhau los. Tab sis hais txog tam sim no, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled tau nkag mus rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub no. Cov zaub mov no nyiam los ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Thaum xaiv, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm txog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm boiled sausage, raws li lawv hais vim li cas: "Peb yog yam peb noj."

keeb kwm me ntsis

Sausage tau muaj txij thaum tim Nkij teb chaws qub, thiab nws daim ntawv qhia yooj yim heev. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, cov khoom no yog boiled los yog kib minced nqaij ntim rau hauv npua plab. Maj mam, daim ntawv qhia no tau paub thoob ntiaj teb, raws li cov neeg tsav nkoj thiab cov tub lag luam nyiam coj nrog lawvxws li hnyuv ntxwm nyob deb wanderings. Nws yog lub sijhawm ntawd cov neeg tau pom tias cov zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev yam tsis poob nws saj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no yog mus rau saj ntawm ancient Slavs. Txhawm rau ua cov hnyuv ntxwm, lawv siv cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no: qe, ntau yam cereals, nqaij, lard, tsiaj ntshav, nrog rau nqaij npuas thiab nqaij nyug offal rau lub casing. Tom qab ntawd, cov blanks ntawd tau muab rhaub thiab haus luam yeeb ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg.

Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev tsim cov khoom lag luam no tau pib xyoo 1709, thaum thawj lub Hoobkas rau kev tsim khoom tshwm sim. Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd twb muaj ob peb ntau yam ntawm qab sausage. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Russia, sausage pib muaj koob meej, thiab txuas ntxiv txaus siab rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus nrog nws saj rau hnub no. Cov hnyuv ntxwm niaj hnub no yog cov nqaij minced uas tau siav los yog fermented.

Kev faib tawm

Sausages raug cais raws li cov hauv qab no:

• txheej txheem txheej txheem - boiled, smoked, semi-smoked, sausages thiab sausages, ntshav, siab, nqaij loaves, pates, jellies thiab brawns;
• hom nqaij - nqaij npuas, nqaij nyuj, nees, yaj, thiab nqaij qaib;
• khoom raw - nqaij, ntshav, offal;
• plhaub hom - ntuj, dag, tsis muaj plhaub;
• zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw - muab faib ua qib siab tshaj, thawj, thib ob, thib peb;
• minced nqaij qauv ntawm qhov txiav - muaj nyob nrog ib homogeneous qauv, nrog rau ntxiv ntawm cov nplaig, nqaij npuas kib, tus nplaig thiab coarsely tws ntaub so ntswg;
• teem caij - faib uasausages rau dav daim ntawv thov, me nyuam mos thiab noj zaub mov.

About line-up

Raws li cov cai ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab GOST cov qauv, cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled yuav tsum yog raws li hauv qab no:

• nqaij los yog nqaij npuas;
• qe lossis melange (cov qe khov);
• miv;
• ntsev;
• spices (dub kua txob, cardamom, coriander, qej);
• starch;
• bacon.

Cov nqaij minced, nyob ntawm daim ntawv qhia, kuj tseem muaj xws li: whey, nqaij npuas kib, ntshav ntshav, thiab hmoov nplej es tsis txhob starch.

Raws li txoj cai, cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov hnyuv ntxwm qib siab tshaj plaws yog nqaij thiab lard. Raws li cov qib qis, lawv yuav muaj ntau yam khoom ntxiv, zaub roj hloov pauv thiab dyes.

Nqaij nqaij nyuj muab faib ua peb qib: qhov siab tshaj (tsuas yog siv cov nqaij leeg ntshiab), thawj (cov nqaij leeg, uas tau tso cai kom muaj txog li rau feem pua ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg) thiab qhov thib ob (txog nees nkaum. feem pua ntawm connective adipose ntaub so ntswg). Cov nqaij mos lwj, cov nqaij nees thiab cov nqaij ntxhuav tau muab cais ua ib yam nkaus. Ntau yam ntawm nqaij nyug yog ncaj qha nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm hnyuv ntxwm. Ntawd yog, thawj qib boiled sausage muaj thawj qib nyuj los yog nqaij npuas lean.

Peb thov kom xav txog cov khoom no ntawm txhua yam sib cais hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv:

• qib siab tshaj. Rau nws cov kev npaj, tsuas yog cov nqaij zoo thiab nqaij ntshiv, nqaij npuas kib thiab txuj lom (qej, nutmeg, cardamom, kua txob) yog siv.
• suav nrog hauv cov khoom no ua ntejqib suav nrog: nqaij nyuj thiab nqaij npuas ntawm qib thawj, zaub protein, ntsev thiab txuj lom.
• qib thib ob. Raws li daim ntawv qhia, rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom no lawv siv: nqaij nyuj, nqaij npuas trimmings, zaub protein, nqaij npuas kib, hmoov, txuj lom.
• qib peb. Cov chav kawm no, raws li txoj cai, suav nrog daim siab sausages ntawm qib peb thiab zaub keeb kwm. Cov tawv nqaij nqaij npuas, los ntawm cov khoom thib ob, cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas, pob txha mos los ntawm cov nqaij txiav, hmoov nplej, ntsev, txuj lom yog siv los ua raw khoom.

Raws li cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled tswj los ntawm GOST, cov khoom no yuav tsum yog peb caug feem pua ntawm cov nqaij.

Hauv kev tsim cov khoom no, nws raug tso cai ntxiv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj yim feem pua. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no qee qhov yuav tsum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau kev tsim cov hnyuv ntxwm, xav txog hauv TU (cov txheej txheem txheej txheem). Raws li lawv, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom yuav suav nrog cov pob txha hauv av thiab cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj. Thiab kuj nyob rau hauv ib co ntau yam koj tuaj yeem pom qhov tsis muaj nqaij nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm boiled sausage. Tab sis qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm daim ntawv lo nrog lub cim "MOM" (Mechanical Deboned Meat).

Ntau yam nqaij npuas kib

Hnub no muaj ntau yam khoom noj nqaij ntawm cov txee hauv cov khw muag khoom loj. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom no yog cov hauv qab no cov hnyuv ntxwm.

Amateur

Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam li cov khoom xyaw ntawm boiled sausage "Tus kws kho mob". Raws li GOST, nws yuav tsum muaj cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no: qib siab tshaj ntawm nqaij nyug, leannqaij npuas, nqaij npuas rog, ntsev, ntsev, kua txob dub, qab zib, nutmeg.

Neeg

Yog tias daim ntawv qhia ua raws, nqaij nyuj, melange lossis qaib qe, haus dej, ntsev, qab zib thiab kua txob dub yog siv los ua hom hnyuv ntxwm no.

Sirloin

Cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm muaj xws li nqaij qaib mis fillet, nqaij nyuj, dej, qos yaj ywm starch, txuj lom, ntxiv rau flavors, zaub mov additives, stabilizers, tsw enhancers thiab dyes. Nco qab tias hom hnyuv ntxwm no yog nyob rau qib peb.

Ntaus

Mis boiled sausage muaj nqaij nyug thiab nqaij npuas, mis hmoov, ntsev thiab txuj lom. Nws kuj tseem muaj vitamin B1, sodium, vitamin PP thiab phosphorus.

Boiled sausage "Papa tau"

Cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov khoom no yog raws li nram no: nqaij qaib mis fillet, nqaij npuas, txuj lom (mustard noob, celery thiab nutmeg), mechanically cais nqaij qaib, sunflower roj, protein stabilizer, acidity regulators, stabilizers, flavors, tsiaj protein, xim, tsw thiab aroma enhancers.

Capital

Raws li GOST, hauv kev tsim cov hnyuv ntxwm, cov khoom xws li nqaij npuas, kua txob dub, nqaij npuas kib, nutmeg, ntsev, dej, cardamom thiab qab zib yog siv.

Teahouse

Cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled yog tswj los ntawm GOST. Nws suav nrog: nqaij npuas rog, nqaij nyuj, nqaij npuas, kua txob dub, coriander, ntsev, qej, dej qab zib, qab zib thiab nitrite ntsev. Nwscalorie cov ntsiab lus tsis pub tshaj 216 kcal ib 100 grams ntawm cov khoom.

Doctoral

hom no tau nrov heev hauv USSR thiab tom qab-Soviet lub sijhawm. Nws tseem nyob qhov chaw hwm ntawm lub rooj hnub no. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm boiled kws kho mob sausages raws li GOST muaj xws li: nyuj thiab nqaij npuas nqaij, qe, mis nyuj hmoov, ntsev, txuj lom, sodium nitrite, qab zib, cardamom los yog nutmeg.

Tsis muaj GOST daim ntawv qhia rau hom hnyuv ntxwm, yog li cov tuam ntxhab ua cov khoom noj nqaij no raws li cov lus qhia.

Cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled yog raws li nram no: nyuj, nqaij npuas, nqaij qaib, mis hmoov, dej, qe, ntsev, qos starch, stabilizer: sodium polyphosphate, tsiaj protein, txuj lom, sodium nitrate.

Cov saum toj no yog lwm hom boiled sausage. Lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis muaj nqaij npuas kib thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom nqaij no. Rau cov khoom lag luam zoo no, cov nqaij rog yog siv, thaum cov khoom noj nqaij nyug yuav tsum muaj cov nqaij nyug nkaus xwb. Qhov txawv ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm thiab hnyuv ntxwm yog cov nqaij minced thiab cov txuj lom tau ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm thiab cov hnyuv ntxwm yog dab tsi?

Qhov txawv ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled thiab cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled yog txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm lub txee lub neej, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ua noj. Boiled sausage, tsis zoo li lwm hom, yog ib qho khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem. Raws li txoj cai, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm boiled-smoked sausages suav nrog yuav luagtib yam khoom, tab sis muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm boiled-smoked khoom, uas tsis muaj nqi ntawm cov carcass thiab lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm tus tsiaj tsis siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau txuj lom ntxiv rau nws dua li boiled. Txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm boiled-smoked sausage zoo ib yam li boiled hnyuv ntxwm, cov txheej txheem ua noj txawv. Kev tsim cov hnyuv ntxwm hauv boiled yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob peb theem: thawj zaug cov nqaij minced yog kib, ua tsaug rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov rog ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv nws. Tom qab ntawd cov blanks boiled thiab haus luam yeeb.

Cov khoom puas tuaj yeem noj qab nyob zoo tib lub sijhawm?

Tsis muaj ntau tus kws tshaj lij kev noj zaub mov qhia txog kev noj cov khoom no, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov khoom noj nqaij uas tuaj yeem nqa qee yam txiaj ntsig rau lub cev vim muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm, uas, raws li txoj cai, muaj cov vitamins B., A, E, as well as PP. Yog li, thiaj li tsis ua mob rau koj lub cev, tab sis ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kom tau txais txiaj ntsig, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom zoo.

Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev:

• Cov ntsiab lus protein ntau ntawm cov nqaij pab tsim cov leeg.
• pob txha mos muaj cov tshuaj gelling uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau pob qij txha.
• Offal thiab tawv nqaij muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb: potassium, magnesium, potassium hlau thiab iodine.

Cooked sausage production technology

Raws li txoj cai, hauv kev tsim cov hnyuv ntxwm boiled, manufacturers ua raws li cov dav davtechnology:

• Tsib nqaij yog cais cov pob txha thiab txiav ua tej daim.
• Tom qab ntawd nws yog ntsev nrog qab zib, ascorbic acid thiab sodium nitrate.
• Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hloov cov nqaij mus rau hauv cov nqaij minced, tom qab uas muaj ntau yam khoom xyaw ntxiv rau nws, uas ua tau raws li cov lus qhia.
• pre-npaj shells stuffed nrog minced nqaij.
• Cov blanks no tau dai rau ntawm hooks los kho cov nqaij minced.
• Tom qab ntawd lawv tau pasteurized ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj yim caum degrees, thiab tom qab ntawd cov qhov khoob no txias.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv thiab khaws

Raws li txoj cai, thaum yuav cov hnyuv ntxwm, cov neeg siv khoom ntsuas nws qhov tsos. Thaum xaiv, tsis txhob tso tseg koj cov xim ntawm cov khoom uas pleev xim rau hauv cov xim ci thiab ntxim nyiam. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov hnyuv ntxwm zoo muaj cov xim greyish, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nqaij tom qab kev kho cua sov. Yog li ntawd, cov xim ci qhia tau hais tias cov xim tshwj xeeb tau ntxiv rau cov nqaij minced thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov hnyuv ntxwm.

Nrog ntau yam ntawm cov khoom noj nqaij, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov yog. Tab sis paub txog ntau yam ntawm boiled hnyuv ntxwm thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom no, nws yuav yooj yim dua los txiav txim siab rau kev yuav khoom. Nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov khoom lag luam hwm zoo uas cim GOST. Ntau cov ntawv sau rau ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm ntim xws li "khoom kim heev", "ntxiv" thiab lwm yam tsis yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm qhov zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev cia khoom. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cia kub rau sausages yog tsis ntau tshaj yim degrees.

Nco lwm yam,Thaum yuav khoom, xyuam xim rau cov hauv qab no:

• Qhov muaj cov dej noo thiab cov hnoos qeev ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm qhia txog qhov lwj ntawm cov khoom. Cov tsos mob thiab kev mob ntawm lub plhaub yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam - nws yuav tsum tau qhuav. Nws tseem tsim nyog xaiv qhov uas lub plhaub haum snugly.
• Nyob zoo rau kev txiav cov hnyuv ntxwm. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pob grey ntawm cov khoom qhia tau hais tias ua txhaum ntawm kev tsim khoom siv tshuab.
• Qhov muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntau yuav ua rau muaj qhov saj ntawm daim ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov khoom rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv lwm txoj kev: yob ib qho me me ntawm hnyuv ntxwm rau hauv ib lub raj. Thaum tsis muaj hmoov txhuv nplej siab, nws yuav tsis tawg thiab tawg.
• Raws li GOST, nws tsis yog txwv tsis pub siv cov kua protein ntau hauv daim ntawv qhia rau cov hnyuv ntxwm. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, thaum xaiv cov khoom no, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev xaiv yam tsis muaj nws. Raws li txoj cai, cov dye E250 yog siv los muab cov hnyuv ntxwm liab. Nyob rau hauv ib qho me me, cov tshuaj ntxiv no tsis muaj teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias noj ntau ntau, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.
• Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom noj me nyuam mos no yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau yam xim, tshuaj tua kab mob, phosphates, thiab GMOs.

Yog tias cov khoom lag luam zoo, tom qab ntawd thaum khaws cia hauv lub tub yees, cov hnyuv ntxwm yuav nyob twj ywm tshiab rau lub sijhawm ntev. Lub neej txee thaum qhib lub pob hauv lub thawv ntuj tsis pub ntau tshaj tsib hnub, thiab hauv ib qho khoom siv - txog 40 hnub.