Chocolate: tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, khoom noj muaj nqis

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-18 01:07

Chocolate muaj nuj nqis feem ntau rau nws cov saj thiab tsw. Tab sis kuj vim hais tias nws txhim kho mus ob peb vas, ntxiv zog, relieves nkees. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes suav nrog tsis yog qab zib, rog thiab calories uas tsis tsim nyog, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov zaub mov, qee cov vitamins thiab lwm yam biochemically active compounds xws li theobromine, flavonoids, caffeine thiab phenyl-thylamine. Xav txog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom no.

History

Chocolate los ntawm South America. Cocoa hlob muaj, tseem hu ua tsob ntoo cocoa (lat. Theobroma cacao), uas tau txais cov hmoov cocoa thiab butter. Lawv yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm chocolate. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 2000 BC, cov hmoov ua los ntawm cocoa taum tau siv los ntawm Olmecs thaum ub nyob hauv Mexico tam sim no. Cov huab cua sov thiab huab cua nyob hauv cheeb tsam no yog qhov zoo rauloj hlob tsob ntoo cocoa. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav yog ib qho zais cia li cas lawv nrhiav tau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nplej me me thiab kawm paub siv lawv li cas.

Qhov tseeb cult ntawm chocolate yog tsim los ntawm Maya nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 3rd AD. Lawv roasted thiab av cocoa taum. Lub resulting hmoov yog tov nrog dej, cornmeal, zib mu thiab kua txob. Yog li, haus dej qab zib thiab ntsim heev tau tsim, uas yog tsim los rau vajntxwv, aristocrats thiab cov koom nrog hauv kev cai dab qhuas. Chocolate yog ib yam khoom uas muaj kev hwm heev thiab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev thaum ua kev zoo siab ntawm kev ua koob tsheej.

Los ntawm Maya, Aztecs tau txais kev cai noj cov qhob noom xim kasfes. Lawv tau qhia ntau yam tshiab hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov Aztecs nyiam haus dej txias uas muaj cov paprika, vanilla, los yog paj paj qhuav, uas muab nws cov xim: liab, dawb, los yog dub. Cocoa taum muaj nuj nqis heev uas lawv tau them nyiaj npib.

thawj European mus saj cocoa yog Christopher Columbus. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas nws coj mus rau Tebchaws Europe tsis tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab tam sim ntawd. Ib qho dej haus los ntawm lawv thawj zaug tau txais kev lees paub hauv lub tsev hais plaub Spanish. Hauv lwm lub tebchaws, tau sim ua kom brew ib qho sib xyaw zoo sib xws los ntawm cov taum taum ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws iab dhau lawm. Cov neeg Mev rau ib puas xyoo zais txoj kev zais cia ntawm kev ua nws nrog vanilla thiab qab zib. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th yog cov dej kub qhia rau lwm lub teb chaws.

Tau ntau xyoo nws tau siv nyob rau hauv tsev neeg aristocratic. Qhov kev tawg tuaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, thaumchocolate khoom qab zib. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, kev lag luam chocolate tsim nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws nyob sab Europe. Switzerland sawv tawm tshwj xeeb, thiab rau hnub no yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Hauv xyoo 1879, Swiss confectioner Rudolf Lindt tau tsim ib lub cuab yeej uas sib xyaw cov khoom xyaw chocolate kom cov tart aroma ploj mus, thiab cov huab hwm coj tau txais ib qho kev ntxhib los mos thiab tuaj yeem yaj hauv lub qhov ncauj. Hauv Switzerland, Henry Nestlé tau pab txhawb rau kev tsim cov mis nyuj chocolate los ntawm kev ntxiv cov mis condensed rau ib qho iab loj ntawm cocoa. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tsim kho no, Daniel Peter tsim lub npe nrov thiab nyiam cov mis nyuj chocolate hnub no. Raisins, txiv ntseej tau ntxiv los ntawm cov neeg Italians ntxiv rau cov khoom qab zib.

khoom siv tau zoo

Chocolate tau siv ntau pua xyoo los kho txhua yam kab mob. Cov Aztecs yog thawj zaug pom tias taum cocoa muaj zog stimulant zog. Nws tau ntseeg tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev zom zaub mov, ua npaws, thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom huv ntawm cov ntshav. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau mob taub hau thiab txawm siv los txo qhov mob ntawm kev yug menyuam.

Chocolate kuj tau suav tias yog ib qho tshuaj aphrodisiac. Phenylthylamine tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm chocolate ua rau zus tau tej cov serotonin thiab endorphins nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Serotonin tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub paj hlwb xws li schizophrenia. Endorphins txhim kho kev xav thiab ua kom muaj kev zoo siab. Chocolate kuj muaj qhov lojtus nqi ntawm magnesium (tshwj xeeb yog iab). Cov khoom no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov leeg nqaij thiab txhawb kev nqus ntawm calcium, tab sis kuj, zoo li serotonin, tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab.

Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes muaj caffeine thiab theobromine, yog li nws tuaj yeem ua tau. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsuas yog xav tau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ib ntus. Cov neeg uas noj nws feem ntau ua rau nws tiv taus nws cov teebmeem, yog li lawv tsis tsuas yog tsis hnov cov txiaj ntsig ntawm magnesium thiab serotonin, tab sis lawv kuj tuaj yeem raug mob migraines thiab mob taub hau.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ua rau rog dhau, ntxiv rau, cov neeg muaj kab mob plawv thiab ntshav qab zib yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob qab zib chocolate. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis haum rau hauv lub cev - allergens tuaj yeem yog cocoa, mis nyuj, nplej thiab txiv ntoo muaj nyob hauv nws. Mis chocolate kuj muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj lactose intolerant.

Type of chocolate

Muaj plaub yam khoom tseem ceeb:

• iab chocolate - cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj cov cocoa grated, cocoa butter thiab qab zib, qee zaum nrog me me admixture ntawm vanilla thiab / los yog lwm yam flavoring. Cov hom no muaj tsawg kawg yog 70% cocoa. Kuj tseem muaj chocolate nrog 95% (thiab ntau dua) cov ntsiab lus cocoa. Vim muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus qab zib tsawg, nws suav hais tias yog hom khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws. Qhov ntau cocoa thiab tsawg suab thaj, qhov zoo.
• Dub chocolate - nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leegmuaj li ntawm 30 mus rau 70% cocoa cawv, tus so yog rog, qab zib thiab additives.
• Mis chocolate - tsis muaj ntau tshaj 50% cocoa cawv, txawm hais tias feem ntau chocolates ntawm lub khw tsuas muaj 20%, thiab cov mis nyuj ntau. Cov ntsiab lus qab zib nce mus txog 50%, yog li nws qab zib heev. Ua tsaug rau cov mis nyuj additive, nws muaj ib tug me me thiab ilv saj. Qee lub sij hawm, es tsis txhob ntawm cocoa butter, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov mis nyuj chocolate yog ntxiv nrog cov roj zaub thiab khoom qab zib. Nws yog hom no uas xav tau los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom hauv khw.
• Dawb chocolate - nws tsis muaj cocoa grated, tab sis muaj ntau ntawm cocoa butter, qab zib thiab mis nyuj (qee zaum cream) thiab vanilla. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes zoo muaj txog li 33% cocoa rog. Qee cov gourmets ntseeg tias hom no tsis yog chocolate vim nws cov ntsiab lus cocoa tsawg. Tam sim no, ib qho kev xaiv loj heev ntawm cov khoom lag luam chocolate tau nthuav tawm hauv khw muag khoom noj. Txiv ntseej thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw xws li raisins, kas fes, caramel, cappuccino, cawv yog ntxiv rau cov qhob noom xim kasfes. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom tuaj yeem sau nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab jams los ntawm lawv. Aerated (npub) chocolate, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes thiab tom qab ntawd raug tso cai rau inert gases, yog nrov heev. Muaj cov khoom zoo li chocolate hauv khw uas cov ntsiab lus cocoa tsis pub tshaj 7% ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav.

Qhia txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau hom chocolate

Natural chocolate (iab thiab tsaus) yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj qab haus huv. Dawb thiab mis nyuj - ntawm tus nqi ntawmCov mis nyuj condensed muaj cov protein, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub cev, nrog rau calcium, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov leeg nqaij thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub paj hlwb, enzymes thiab ntshav txhaws.

Hauv qab no yog ib lub rooj sib piv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau hom chocolate. Tus nqi ntawm 100g ntawm cov khoom.

yam khoom	Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.	Milky	White
calories (tus nqi zog)	599 kcal / 2508 kJ	535 kcal / 2240 kJ	539 kcal / 2257 kJ
YProtein	7,79g	7, 65g	5,87g
tag nrho fat	42,63g	29, 66g	32,09
Saturated fatty acids	24, 489g	18, 50g	19, 412g
Monounsaturated fatty acids	12, 781g	7, 186 g	9,097 g
Polyunsaturated fatty acids	1, 257 g	1, 376g	1,013
Omega-3 fatty acids	0.034 g	0, 122g	0, 100g
Omega-6 fatty acids	1, 212g	1, 254g	0.913g
Nyob zoo Carbohydrates	45,90g	59, 40g	59, 24g
	10, 9g	3,4g	0, 2g
Vitamin A Y	39 IU	195 IU	30 IU
Vitamin D	0 mcg	0 mcg	0 mcg
Vitamin E Y	0.59mg	0.51mg	0.96mg
YVitamin K 1	7, 3 mcg	5, 7 mcg	9, 1 mcg
Vitamin C	~	0 mg	0.5mg
Vitamin B 1	0.034mg	0, 112mg	0.063mg
Vitamin B 2	0.078mg	0, 298mg	0, 282mg
Vitamin B3 (PP)	1,054mg	0, 386mg	0, 745mg
YVitamin B 6	0.038mg	0.036mg	0.056mg
Vitamin B 9 (folic acid)	~	12 mcg	7 mcg
Vitamin B 12	0, 28 mcg	0.75 mcg	0.56 mcg
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)	0, 418mg	0, 472mg	0, 608mg
	73mg	189mg	199 mg
Iron	11, 9mg	2, 35mg	0, 24mg
Magnesium	228mg	63mg	12mg
phosphorus	308mg	208 mg	176 mg
Potassium	715 mg	372mg	286mg
Sodium	20mg	79mg	90mg
Zinc	3, 31mg	2, 30 mg	0.74mg
Copper	1, 77mg	0, 49mg	0.06mg
Manganese	1, 95mg	0, 47mg	0.01mg
Selenium	6, 8 mcg	4.5 mcg	4.5 mcg
Fluorine	~	5, 0 mcg	~
Cholesterol Nyob	3mg	23 mg	21mg
YPhytosterols	129mg	53mg	~

cov khoom zoo li chocolate ua los ntawm dab tsi?

Chocolate-zoo li cov khoom lag luam zoo li cov khoom qab zib zoo li lub ntsej muag thiab saj. Nws yog ib qho pheej yig dua thiab pheej yig dua rau chocolate tiag tiag. Tsim los ntawm tus nqi qis ntawm kev tsim khoom. Hauv cov khoom zoo li chocolate, cov ntsiab lus cocoa tsis pub tshaj 7% ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav. Txij li thaum lawv pheej yig dua li cov qhob noom xim kasfes, lawv nyiam heev ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm kev siv nyiaj. Cov zaub mov no, hmoov tsis, muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov rog trans, yog li cov kws noj zaub mov qhia kom zam lawv.

Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom qab zib hom chocolate: qab zib, zaub roj tsis zoo, whey hmoov, tsis muaj roj cocoa hmoov, skimmed mis nyuj hmoov, emulsifier (lecithin) thiab khoom tsw qab. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau txais qhov zoo ib yam li chocolate, thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws yogtsuas yog cov tshuaj yog tias kim cocoa tsis siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Nws tsim nyog paub tias cov khoom zoo li chocolate feem ntau tuaj yeem pom hauv cov khoom qab zib pheej yig - ntawm Easter, Christmas thiab Xyoo Tshiab.

Quality Criteria

Cov txheej txheem txaus siab rau qhov zoo ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes tau thov los ntawm British lub koom haum ntawm Academy of Chocolate. Cov khoom lag luam zoo tsuas muaj cov roj cocoa xwb. Tsis muaj lwm cov roj zaub. Qhov thib ob ntsuas yog qhov feem pua ntawm cocoa. iab chocolate yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 70% cocoa loj thiab tsawg kawg yog 25% mis nyuj. Cov khoom lag luam zoo tsis muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tsw qab, dyes thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntxiv. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb, kev ua thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov taum cocoa yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog xaiv cov khoom qab zib uas muaj me me ntawm cov rog trans, vim tias lawv ua rau nce qib roj cholesterol thiab pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis thiab ntshav qab zib. Cov qhob noom xim kasfes puv, cov khoom lag luam chocolate (xws li pralines, bars) thiab cov qhob noom xim kasfes dawb muaj cov roj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov rog.

Nws tsim nyog paub

Perfect Chocolate:

• muaj tus du, velvety zoo nkauj yam tsis muaj pob;
• muag maj mam hauv koj lub qhov ncauj;
• tawg vuas rau hauv daim yog nrog tus yam ntxwv tawg;
• tsis muaj iab thiab qaub qab qab;
• cov khoom muaj ci ntsa iab zoo nkauj yam tsis muaj kab dawb tawg;
• ua tsis zoo rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv huab cua kub, uas yog, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yaj txawm nyob hauv tshav kub.

txheej dawb yog dab tsichocolate?

Dawb lossis grey txheej ntawm chocolate tsis txhais hais tias nws tau ploj mus. Cov no yog cov kab mob me me ntawm cov rog pom hauv chocolate (tsis yog pwm, raws li qee tus ntseeg). Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev khaws cov khoom qab zib ntawm qhov kub sib txawv, xws li thaum chocolate yaj thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees. Qhov no tsis muaj teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv, tsuas yog ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom.

Tam sim no koj paub tias cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau hom chocolate sib txawv.