History of dumplings. Leej twg tsim Dumplings? Dumplings tuaj qhov twg (nws tais)

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 03:27

Txhua yam nqaij minced, ntses thiab zaub, hauv txhua qhov kev hloov pauv, ua tib zoo qhwv hauv cov khob noom cookie nyias, yog ib txwm tais rau lub teb chaws cuisines ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Analogues ntawm dumplings, xws li khinkali, sorcerers, manti, jiao chi, tau ntev tau paub rau ntiaj teb ua noj ua haus. Yog li qhov twg dumplings tuaj? Leej twg lub tais? Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo heev thiab nyiam heev no tseem tsaus thiab tsis meej. Lavxias teb sab thiab Siberian cuisines tau ntev paub dumplings raws li lawv tus kheej.

Yog li leej twg tsim dumplings? Peb yuav tsum lees tias cov zaub mov no Ameslikas muaj keeb kwm Suav. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv no cuisine nrog nws keeb kwm ntawm tsib txhiab xyoo, muaj analogues ntawm yuav luag txhua niaj hnub tais. Keeb kwm ntawm dumplings coj peb mus rau yav dhau los deb heev. Tab sis tsuas yog tam sim no, tsis muaj leej twg yuav twv qhov tseeb tias nws nyob hauv Russia tias cov zaub mov no nrov tshaj plaws.

Yog li cov dumplings yog Lavxias zaub mov lossis tsis? Lub tswv yim ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm yog raws li nram no: lawv tau coj mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cuisine los ntawm cov neeg uas ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Russians tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub XIV-XV centuries. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauvRaws li lub tswv yim, txoj kev xav tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej tias ntawm Komi, Permians, Siberian Tatars thiab lwm haiv neeg nyob rau sab Europe sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia, dumplings tau tshwm sim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab lwm lub xeev qub ntawm Asia.

Dumplings: keeb kwm dab neeg

Ib yam yog qhov pom tseeb, dumplings tau mus rau Russia los ntawm kev nyuaj, txawm tias txoj kev ncig. Yog li leej twg yog thawj tus tuaj nrog cov zaub mov txawv txawv no thiab ntau yam zaub mov, ib txwm nyob rau txawv teb chaws cuisines, haiv neeg thiab lub teb chaws? Thiab tsis muaj ntau yam ua noj ua haus inventions yog npaj rau khav ntawm no. Yog li keeb kwm ntawm dumplings yuav qhia peb li cas?

Plato's treatise hu ua "Feast" (385-380 BC) piav qhia txog ib lub tais uas mob hnyav zoo li dumplings - cov nqaij qhwv hauv noodles. Thiab thaum ub Roman Petronius sau txog nws. Thiab nyob rau hauv comedy ntawm Aristophanes, ib tug kawm ntawm Plato, nws yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tsiab peb caug cov nom tswv tau kho cov hnab ntim khoom nrog lwm yam khoom.

Tab sis tseem, keeb kwm ua noj ua haus pom zoo tias nws yog Tuam Tshoj uas "dumplings" Europe.

Russian keeb kwm ntawm dumplings

Muaj ntau yam ntawm cov tsos ntawm dumplings ntawm Lavxias teb sab av. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsim nyog nco qab txog qhov ntawd kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1820. Tsis muaj kev hais txog dumplings nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv ua noj Lavxias teb sab. Txawm tias "Tub Rog Chav Ua Noj" xyoo 1786, cov phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws los ntawm S. Drukovtsev, yeej tsis hais txog lawv

Ib tug piav qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntev dumplings nyob rau hauv Ural thiab Siberian cuisines tau suav hais tias yog ib lub tais hauv cheeb tsam, thiab tau txais koob meej thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 19th.

Thiab qee qhov sib cav hais tias cov zaub mov no tsis tau lees paub tshwj xeeb los ntawm Cov Neeg Lavxias los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Russia.

Dumpling artifacts

Ib tus paub zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Ekaterina Avdeeva, xyoo 1837 tau sau txog "dumplings" raws li ib lo lus uas tau siv hauv Siberia. Hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia lawv hu ua pob ntseg, hais tias lawv yog ua los ntawm pasta mov paj nrog tws nqaij nyuj, kuj nrog nceb los yog ntses, lawv yog khov thiab lawv tig mus rau hauv pebbles. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lawv raug coj mus rau hauv txoj kev, thiab sai li sai tau thaum lawv txo mus rau hauv boiling dej, cov zaub mov yog npaj txhij thiab qab heev.

Yog tias peb tig mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los, nws tsim nyog nyeem cov ntawv xov xwm tshuaj xyuas xyoo 1830 ntawm cov lus zoo ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub xeev Orenburg, uas tus sau yuav tsum muab piv rau Ukrainian dumplings los piav txog dumplings.. Nws hais tias dumplings (pelyany los yog permeni) zoo li me me boiled pies, "ib yam ntawm Me Me Lavxias teb sab dumplings, tab sis tsis nrog cheese, tab sis nrog nqaij nyuj", uas yog cov nyiam zaub mov rau Permians.

Keeb kwm ntawm dumplings qhia tias xyoo 1817 cov tais no tseem yog qhov txawv tiag tiag. Qhov no yog li cas nws tus kws pab tswv yim hauv tsev kawm qib siab N. Semivsky tau piav qhia nws: Cov khoom qab zib, cov ncuav me me nrog cov nqaij minced lossis cov khoom noj, npaj ua raws li cov piv txwv ntawm Suav. Lawv zoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, lawv yuav tsum tau boiled hauv dej. Cov kua zaub mus ncig zoo heev yog tsim los ntawm dumplings. Lawv noj cov kua txiv qaub liab noj.”

Txawm tias muaj lwm cov ntaub ntawv. "Kev pleev xim rau cov tais diav" (1610-1613) muaj cov lus hais txog "mantu nrog yaj". Thiab Karamzin, nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg hais txog cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntawm Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, haismanti.

Plaub lub tebchaws sib ntaus sib tua

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas nws lub teb chaws tais diav tsis tau ploj mus txog niaj hnub no.

cov neeg Finno-Ugric nyob hauv Cis-Urals (Udmurts, Komi-Permyaks)

Cov pov thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov dumplings yuav tsum tau suav tias yog lawv qhov kev tsim khoom yog lo lus "dumplings" rau lawv. Nws txhais tau tias "pob ntseg-bread". Yog, thiab dumpling zoo li pob ntseg. Nws yog zoo kawg nkaus khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv ib tug dog dig hnab, yog hais tias sab laug nyob rau hauv lub txias, nyob rau hauv ib tug cellar los yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Yog, thiab ua noj dumplings yog ib qho yooj yim. Thiab rau kev sau, koj tuaj yeem noj cov nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj txi, txij li cov neeg nyob hauv Urals muaj txaus rituals ntawm tsiaj txi.

Suav

Txawm hais tias lo lus "dumpling" yog Finno-Ugric, tab sis cov zaub mov no tsuas yog suav nrog, ntxiv rau, khoom noj khoom haus Xyoo Tshiab. Jiaoqi nyob rau hauv Suav teb yog npaj nrog ntau yam fillings uas cov Suav suav hais tias noj tau. Thiab lawv cov nqaij tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Jiaoqi zoo ib yam li cov nyiaj npib, lawv txawm muaj qhov nruab nrab, lub cim tiag tiag ntawm kev vam meej, xav tau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nplua nuj.

Siberians

Cov no ntseeg tau tias tsuas yog hauv Siberia cov dumplings zoo tshaj plaws yog thawj cov zaub mov ntawm Siberian. Lub thinnest txheej ntawm khob noom cookie thiab sau, uas finely crushed dej khov yog ntxiv - thiab ntawm no koj muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom tom qab nyuj slaughtered los yog yos hav zoov tau ua tiav. Yog lawm, thiab koj tuaj yeem khaws cia txhua lub sijhawm uas cov frosts tuav.

Minced meat, uas yog qhwv hauv khob noom cookie, yog tsim los ntawm minced nqaij, ntsev … thiab dej khov. Thiab tsis muaj qhov muag teev thiabqej, raws li yog kev cai nyob rau hauv European ib feem ntawm Russia. Tsuas yog, yielding rau niaj hnub saj, kua txob ntxiv.

Mongols

Nws yog lawv, uas tau caij tsheb tub rog thoob plaws sab qab teb Siberia thiab Urals, tsis tawm hauv Tuam Tshoj ib leeg rau ntev, khi ua ke tag nrho cov neeg no thiab tau txais daim ntawv qhia. Rau nomadic pastoralists, lawv ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug zoo heev semi-tiav khoom, uas yog ib tug tiag tiag kev cawmdim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev taug kev. Cov Mongols yuav xav tsis thoob yog tias ib tug neeg nug txog nws lub teb chaws tais diav, yuav lees tias nws tsis yog lawv li.

Yog leej twg yog tus sau?

Yog li lo lus nug ntawm leej twg invented dumplings yog ob qho tib si nyuaj thiab yooj yim los teb. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev qhwv cov nqaij hauv khob noom cookie yog qhov pom tseeb tias leej twg tuaj yeem tuaj nrog: cov neeg nyob hauv Suav teb, cov neeg Lavxias hauv tebchaws Russia, cov neeg Greek hauv tebchaws Greece, Mongols hauv Mongolia, thiab cov neeg German hauv tebchaws Yelemes. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov tom kawg yog ntseeg hais tias cov sau phau ntawv ntawm dumplings yog Protestant hauj sam. Hauv lub fortresses, lawv tso cai rau tib neeg kom ciaj sia.

National peculiarities

Ua noj dumplings hnub no, nws txaus los yuav cov khoom npaj ua tiav hauv lub khw thiab ua noj, ncu, kib hauv tsev. Tab sis daim ntawv qhia rau qab dumplings yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm txhua tus niam tsev.

YHow to make dumplings

Ntshai hnub no muaj ib lub tsev uas ua dumplings li qub, yuav luag festively thiab nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg. Thaum lub taub hau ntawm tsev neeg txiav cov nqaij minced nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaij grinder, lub hostess npaj lub khob noom cookie thiab ces tag nrho cov neeg hauv tsev muab lub filling rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm mov paj, nyem tawm nrog diav, qhov twg nrog khob los yog iav. Cov dumplings curled thiab daig ua ke. Qee lub sij hawm lub khob noom cookie yog txiav mus rau hauv txawm squares. Ua li no, koj tsis txhob txiav thiab txuag sijhawm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, rau cov kws ua haujlwm tiag tiag, kev txiav yog qhov tsis lees txais. Tsis muaj leej twg yuav ntxias lawv tias tsuas yog los ntawm dov tawm daim khob noom cookie nyias nyias rau txhua lub dumpling koj tuaj yeem ua dumplings tiag tiag. Thiab qhov me me, qhov tastier lawv yog.

Qhov no zoo li yog lub tais yooj yim tshaj plaws. Tab sis nyob rau tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm koob meej thiab muaj koob meej ntawm dumplings nyob rau hauv Russia, ntau yam txawv zaub mov txawv rau lawv cov kev npaj tau tshwm sim. Nws tau ntev tau paub tias cov classics - Siberian dumplings - kuj tuaj yeem npaj ntau txoj hauv kev.

Txhua qhov sib txawv yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, hauv qhov txhaws: nws tuaj yeem yog nqaij nyug nrog me me ntxiv ntawm cov rog lossis nqaij npuas rog thiab, tau kawg, dos thiab dej khov. Yog li cov filling yuav tsis lo rau koj txhais tes thaum sculpting, thiab cov dumplings tseem muaj kua.

Rau dumplings, cov duab tseem ceeb heev. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog tus muab nws lub npe. Thiab nws yuav tsum yog dab tsi? Txhua tus niam tsev yuav hais tias yuav tsum tau pwm lub dumpling zoo li lub plump crescent thiab yooj yim, tsis rub nyuaj, txuas qhov kawg.

Siberian dumplings

Txhawm rau npaj lub khob noom cookie rau lawv, tsuas yog hmoov nplej nrog dej. Yog lawm, tsis muaj ntsev. Cov hmoov nplej yog poured rau hauv ib tug swb, thiab yuav luag dej khov yog poured rau hauv lub recess nyob rau hauv nws. Lub khob noom cookie yog kneaded stiffly, yooj yim lagging qab tes. Tam sim no nws yuav tsum pw ib nrab ib teev, npog nrog ib daim phuam damp.

Peb hom nqaij yog siv: nyuj, nqaij npuas (nws yog xaiv nrog lard), sukhatin. Thiab dua tsis muaj ntsev, tsis muaj dos thiab lwm yam txuj lom. Av nqaijfinely tws.

Tab sis hnav khaub ncaws rau dumplings tuaj yeem yog txhua yam: qaub qaub, ghee, carrots, dos, qej, thiab lwm yam.

suav dumplings

Cov hmoov nplej yog ib txwm kneaded nrog hmoov thiab dej. Tab sis lub filling yog xaiv txawv heev: nqaij, zaub, qe nrog leeks, nqaij nrog zaub. Cov dumplings nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Suav teb yog "dej nyob rau hauv dej", uas yog hom complex tshaj, tes-molded nrog 13 qhov, los yog "empress niam", khoom nrog nqaij qaib thiab me me kom zoo li pearls.

Ural dumplings

Nws yog qhov tseeb dua qhov no, qhov tseeb, tham txog dumplings. Hauv tebchaws Russia, ob lo lus tau sib xyaw - "dumplings" thiab "Permyani" (Permyak zaub mov) - thiab dumplings, nyiam los ntawm ntau tus, tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Thiab rau cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub Urals, lawv tau ua ib tug ritual tais rau ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm, lub cim tiag tiag ntawm cov tsiaj txhu kev txi. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub qe qe los yog lwm yam kev ua si tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv khob noom cookie.

Ural dumplings - ib lub tais uas tau npaj raws li hauv qab no. Cov nqaij nyob rau hauv lub filling yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj kev faib ua feem: nqaij nyuj - 45%, yaj - 35%, nqaij npuas - 20%. Kua txob thiab ib qho loj ntawm dos kuj tau ntxiv rau cov nqaij minced. Yog li ib tug qab broth sau nyob rau hauv txhua dumpling. Cov nqaij minced yeej tau npaj tshwj xeeb hauv ib lub trough ntoo nrog kev pab los ntawm kev txiav. Cov dumplings lawv tus kheej tau steamed, nws tsis yog kev cai rau boil rau hauv dej los yog broth.

Thaum daim ntawv qhia no rau cov dumplings qab tau txais los ntawm Tatars, lawv cov zaub mov tsuas yog yaj xwb. Cov neeg Russians tuaj nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib xyaw nqaij nyuj thiab nqaij npuas hauv qhov sib npaug.

Yuav ua li cas dumplings siav

Ua noj dumplings, koj yuav tsum tau boil dej, ntsev, ntxiv Bay nplooj ntoos thiab dos, ces muab pov rau hauv dumplings lawv tus kheej.

Tab sis nws zoo dua yog tias muaj nqaij qaib siav rau ntawm pob txha. Yog hais tias koj tsis ua noj nyob rau hauv nws, ces tsuas yog dipped lub twb siav dumplings rau hauv nws. Lawv saj yuav zoo dua thiab nplua nuj.

Ib tug tuaj yeem sib cav tau ntev txog seb dumplings yog ib txwm Lavxias zaub mov los yog tsis. Muaj pes tsawg tus neeg - muaj ntau qhov kev xav. Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias dumplings rau ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab yog ib tug tiag tiag hnub caiv yog undeniable. Yog tias lawv raug molded hauv tsev neeg lub voj voog, qhov no yog ob hnub so. Vim hais tias xws li ib yam khoom yuav yeej ua kom sov so ntawm ob txhais tes thiab lub siab lub ntsws uas npaj lawv. Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb saj uas tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov khoom ua tiav los ntawm ib lub khw nyob sib ze.

Txhua tus neeg uas xav tias cov tais no yog lawv li, lawv yuav khaws thiab khaws lawv cov zaub mov qub kom ntev, tsim cov tshiab, thiab lwm tiam neeg yuav noj thiab qhuas cov khoom qab zib qab. Cov keeb kwm keeb kwm tau qhia rau cov neeg nyeem hauv kab lus. Tam sim no, leej twg muaj kev noj qab haus huv, mus ua noj dumplings!