Qeb ntawm cawv. Yuav ua li cas wines categorized? Kev faib cov cawv los ntawm pawg zoo

2024 Tus sau: Isabella Gilson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 16:20

Raws li lawv hais nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, nyob rau hauv vino veritas, thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis pom zoo rau qhov no. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm hais tias kev kawm txuj ci thiab kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, wine tseem yog ib qho dej qab zib zoo tshaj plaws. Tib neeg tuaj yeem dag lub npe nrov, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem dag lub saj, tsw thiab xim. Thiab yuav ua li cas, 1000 xyoo dhau los, cov cawv txiv hmab zoo tuaj yeem txo tus nplaig ntawm tus neeg tsis txaus ntseeg.

Ntau tus neeg yuav xav tsis thoob thiab hais tias "Caw yog cawv", tab sis nws tsim nyog delving rau hauv cov lus nug, thiab nws yuav pom tseeb tias lub ntiaj teb no haus dej haus ntau npaum li cas.

3 qhov tseeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm keeb kwm

1. Thawj thawj zaug, cawv tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm khoom plig los saum ntuj los hauv Greek mythology, thaum Vajtswv ntawm Olympus tau qhia nws daim ntawv qhia rau tib neeg. Cov dej no tseem siv tau ntau yam kev cai dab qhuas txog niaj hnub no.

2. Ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm pom zoo tias qhov pib ntawm Fabkis Revolutionyog qhov nce se ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau cov cawv haus tsis txaus rau cov neeg nruab nrab.

3. Thaum cov se tau nce hauv Fabkis, kev sib raug zoo phooj ywg tau tsim los ntawm Tebchaws Askiv thiab Portugal. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, cov neeg Askiv nyiam saj ntawm Portuguese port wine.

Thiab tam sim no cia peb mus rau lo lus nug tseem ceeb - raws li cov txheej txheem cawv tau muab faib ua pawg.

Kev faib tawm dav dav

Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog txhua yam hauv ib tsab xov xwm, yog li cia peb tham txog cov qub thiab nrov tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe lub tebchaws rau kev tsim cov cawv txiv hmab - Fabkis. Nws nyob ntawm no tias plaub theem kev faib cov cawv raws li pawg zoo tau sau tseg.

Table wines (VDT lossis vin de table). Kev tsim dej haus tuaj yeem ua raws li kev siv ntau yam sib txawv thiab vintages ntawm grapes. Txhawm rau kom muaj 9% cawv, qab zib syrup raug tso cai ntxiv rau wort. Daim ntawv lo ntawm rooj wines tsis qhia qhov chaw tsim khoom thiab lub xyoo sau. Vim lawv tsis muaj kev qhia thiab tus cwj pwm, lawv tsis tau txais kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg thuam thiab sommeliers, thiab cov tsev noj mov zoo yuav tsis suav nrog lawv hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov.

Vin de them (VDP), lossis hauv zos, suav nrog qeb siab dua ntawm cov cawv. Kev tsim khoom yog raws li kev tswj hwm ntau yam ntawm berries, cov dej haus yuav tsum muaj qee lub zog thiab ua tau raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm organoleptic. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv rau pawg no yog cog rau hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. 150 lub zos muaj cai tsim cov dej qab zib ntawm pawg noFrance.

Appellation d'Origine Vin Delimite de Qualite Superieure (AOVDQS lossis VDQS) - cov khoom siv vintage zoo. Lawv cov khoom tsim muaj cov kev cai nruj, thiab kev tswj hwm yog ua los ntawm cov koom haum tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho cov dej haus uas muaj nyob rau hauv vintage qeb ntawm wines ua tau raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm yuav tsum tau:

- kev tsim cov dej haus tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw khi rau ib cheeb tsam;

- tsuas yog siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nkaus xwb;

- tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm ntawm txhua hectar tau txiav txim siab;

- yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li tag nrho cov cai ntawm vinification, organoleptic xav tau thiab muaj lub zog tsim.

Appellation d'origine controlee (AOC) - qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab los ntawm qeb, muaj npe tom qab lawv cov keeb kwm thiab muaj cov kev cai nruj dua li AOVDQS. Ntawm no, lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov vine siv, hom av thiab xim ntawm resulting haus yog coj mus rau hauv tus account. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom yog ua si los ntawm "appellation", uas yog, lub npe, uas lav qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nco ntsoov tag nrho cov appellations, raws li lawv cov naj npawb tau loj hlob tas li (ntau tshaj 400), tab sis Fabkis cov cawv tau suav hais tias yog cov cawv cawv AOC uas muaj koob npe tshaj plaws, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj qhov tshwj xeeb.

Tsuas ntawm cov European wine-tsim lub nroog ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, noj Fabkis kev faib ua lub hauv paus, tau tsim cov zoo sib xws. Ib qho kev sib raug zoo pom muaj nyob hauv lub rooj.

Fabkis	Spain	Italy
Vin de table	Vino de Mesa	Vino daTavola
Vin de pays	Vinos de las Tierras	Indicazione Geografica Tipica
AOVDQS	DO (Denominacion de Origen)	Denominazione di Origine Controllata
AOC	Denominacion de Origen Calificada	Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita

Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus qab zib

Reds feem ntau qhuav, yog li cov cawv dawb raug coj los ua lub hauv paus.

1. Sec - qhuav (tsawg dua 4 g / l).

2. Demi-sec - ib nrab qhuav (4-12 g / l).

3. Moelleux - ib nrab qab zib (12-45 g / l).

4. Doux - qab zib (ntau tshaj 45 g / l).

Rau qhov ci: estra-brut (tsawg dua 4 g / l), brut (txog 15 g / l), ntxiv-sec (12-20 g / l), sec (tsis ntau tshaj 35 g / l), l), demi-sec (32-55 g / l), doux (ntau tshaj 55 g / l).

CO cov ntsiab lus₂

Vin effervescent yog ib pawg ntawm cov dej cawv cawv uas qhov kev puas tsuaj thib ob ntawm cov enzymes tshwm sim hauv lub raj mis.

Vin mousseux gazeifie - kev faib tawm ntawm effervescent wines qhov twg CO_{2 yog saturated los ntawm carbonation.}

Vin petillant - sparkling wines, txawv ntawm lwm tus los ntawm kev tsis tshua muaj siab CO_{2 hauv lub raj mis.}

Vin perlant - low CO pearls_2.

Vin tranquille - ntsiag to cawv haus uas yuav luag tsis muaj CO_2.

Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis

Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov dej haus no, vim tias txhua qhov kev tsim khoom muaj qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij,Cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov hauv qab no:

- Cov cawv txiv hmab, uas yog, tsis tas yuav muaj kev laus.

- Hnub nyoog hauv cov thoob lossis lub raj mis mus txog ib xyoos.

- Hnub nyoog ntawm nws tus kheej lees. Cov no suav nrog qee hom cawv dawb, siv cov thev naus laus zis no lawv ua haujlwm hauv Loire Valley.

- Caw cawv ua los ntawm kev hloov pauv, uas yog, ntxiv cawv lossis brandy rau qhov tsis muaj fermented yuav tsum.

- Boiled wines, tshwj xeeb, ua nyob rau hauv Fabkis Provence. Kev tsim khoom yog ua raws li lub sijhawm cua sov thiab evaporation ntawm wort. Boiled wine muaj ib qho saj thiab muaj suab thaj siab.

Kev cais los ntawm ntxoov ntxoo dej cawv

Wine tsis yog ib txwm muab faib los ntawm cov xim, qee zaum lawv raug cais los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Piv txwv li, koj puas paub tias muaj champagne uas yog ua los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo dub tab sis muaj xim dawb?

Red wines muaj tannins (tannins) lub luag haujlwm rau astringency thiab xim pigments.

Rose wines tsis tau txais kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg thuam, txawm hais tias lawv cov ntxoov ntxoo ntau ntau: los ntawm cov xim tsis muaj zog mus rau nplua nuj.

Tseem muaj cov cawv ntsuab uas tsim tawm hauv Portugal, dub (cahors) thiab daj.

Tam sim no wb mus saib DO wine.

txhais li cas

Spanish analogue ntawm cov khoom zoo vintage (AOVDQS). Ntau tshaj 164 tus neeg cog qoob loo Spanish tau txais txoj cai los tsim cov khoom lag luam rau pawg no.

thaj chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov vaj txiv hmab rau kev tsim cov cawv txiv hmab ua ntejmuaj La Mancha - 188,181 ha. Lawv cov khoom muaj ib tug hais lus woody tint thiab velvety saj.

me ntsis txog dawb wine

Qeb ntawm cov cawv dawb feem ntau muab faib ua 6 ntau yam:

1. Qhuav cawv ntawm lub teeb "lub cev". Raws li sommeliers hais, nws muaj "steel" core. Nws muaj cov piam thaj txo qis, tab sis muaj cov kua qaub ntau, qhov feem pua ntawm cov cawv tsis tshaj 12% thiab ib qho me ntsis perceptible aroma. Tab sis cov kws paub txog kev paub hais tias hom cawv dawb no muaj peev xwm qee zaum muaj aroma thiab saj - txhua yam nyob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv. Piv txwv li, Sauvignon Blanc muaj herbal undertones, thaum Riesling muaj fruity undertones.

2. Nruab nrab lub cev dawb caw yog hnub nyoog tsawg kawg yog 3 xyoos. Nws yog tsim los ntawm Chardonnay, Rol thiab Chenin Blanc. Cov dej cawv yog los ntawm 10 mus rau 13%, thiab saj thiab aroma yog qhia nrog floral fruity sau ntawv.

3. Pawg ntawm wines puv "lub cev", raws li txoj cai, muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv chim rau ob peb xyoos. Lawv muaj ib tug fruity aroma, tsis muaj acidity thiab ib tug ntau ntawm tannins. Cov ntsiab lus cawv ntawm 12 txog 14%.

4. Fragrant dawb wine haus yog txawv los ntawm ib tug pronounced kab txawv fruity aroma. Lawv muaj cov kua qaub qis nrog cawv ntawm 12-14%.

5. Semi-qab zib wines yog tsim los ntawm Moscatel, Tokay Pinot Gris thiab Chenin Blanc hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov ntsiab lus cawv yog 14%, thiab cov dej haus tau txias rau 10 0 Raws li pom.

6. Cov dej qab zib dawb cawv muaj txog li 18% cawv thiab feem ntau yog noj nrog khoom qab zib. Cov neeg sawv cev muaj npe nrov ntawm cov dej cawv Sauternes thiab Barsac (Fabkis).

Ib ob peb lo lus hais txog dej haus cawv

Sparkling wines yog cov cawv uas muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide tsim los siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Lawv cov khoom tau muab faib ua 4 txoj hauv kev:

1. Carbonation. Hauv kev tsim cov dej qab zib tsis zoo, kev qhia txog CO_2.

2. Txoj kev, qhov ua tiav ntawm thawj fermentation ntawm cawv tshwm sim tsis nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub raj mis, hu ua nyob deb nroog (txoj kev rurale).

3. Yog hais tias qhov thib ob decomposition ntawm cov organic tshuaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv acratophores (tshwj xeeb hlau tso tsheb hlau luam), ces zus tau tej cov cawv tshwm sim raws li txoj kev Sharma.

4. Txoj kev classic yog thaum cov txheej txheem rov fermentation tshwm sim hauv lub raj mis.

Nws tseem tsim nyog hais tias muaj ob yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cawv txiv hmab: pearl thiab sparkling. Cov qub muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, thaum lub tom kawg muaj qhov qis hauv lub raj mis thiab lub zog qis (7%).

Yuav ua li cas cov cawv txiv hmab nrog

Cov cawv txiv hmab zoo, khoom noj khoom haus zoo thiab lub tuam txhab zoo siab - yog tus yuam sij rau kev nco qab noj hmo. Kev xaiv tus khub yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm tus kheej rau txhua tus, thiab txhua tus yuav tsum paub tias cov tais twg mus nrog cawv.

Koj yuav tsum pib nrog kev txwv, uas yog nrog cov khoom noj uas tsis pom zoo kom noj nrog haus cawv, yog li tsis txhob muffle nws saj. Nws yog txwv tsis pub noj cov tais diav thiab khoom noj txom ncauj seasoned nrog vinegar nrog cawv.

Txiv ntseej yog cov txwv. Qhov tseeb yog tias,hloov mus rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lub saj buds tsis teb rau lwm cov khoom xyaw thiab cov cawv txiv hmab.

Txoj kev txwv zaum kawg cuam tshuam txog kev haus luam yeeb. Cov pa luam yeeb yuav ua rau qaug dej qaug cawv, thiab saj ntawm nicotine yuav tsis tso cai rau koj ua tiav cov cawv txiv hmab.

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau yam, muaj txoj cai hais txog cov tais diav: qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov saj ntawm lub phaj, qhov yooj yim dua cov cawv txiv hmab hauv khob, thiab rov ua dua.

liab khub zoo nrog ntsim nqaij, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, pasta, pizza, ntses thiab ntau yam cheeses.

Dawb saj zoo meej nrog nqaij nruab deg, nqaij nyug, nqaij qaib thiab caviar.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cawv liab yog cov nqaij txias, nqaij nruab deg thiab khoom qab zib.

Ib nrab qab zib thiab qab zib ntau yam nrog ice cream, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab chocolate.

Sparkling dej qab zib, uas yog champagne - dej zoo tshaj plaws los qhib lub rooj noj mov gala.

Zoo kawg

Yog tias ua ntej no "dej los saum ntuj" rau koj tau muab faib ua dawb, liab, qhuav thiab muaj zog, ces kuv xav cia siab tias, armed nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kab lus no, koj tau kawm dab tsi ntawm cov cawv muaj nyob, thiab koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog nyeem nrog lub npe daim ntawv lo, tab sis kuj kom paub txog ntau yam thiab kev tsim khoom.