Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov roj ntsha saturated fatty acids
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov roj ntsha saturated fatty acids
Anonim

Lub ncauj lus no tau txais nws cov koob meej tsis ntev los no - txij li lub sijhawm thaum tib neeg pib sib zog ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Nws yog thaum ntawd lawv pib tham txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rog. Cov kws tshawb fawb faib lawv raws li cov qauv tshuaj raws li qhov muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus. Lub xub ntiag los yog tsis muaj tom kawg ua rau nws muaj peev xwm faib fatty acids rau hauv ob pawg loj: unsaturated thiab saturated.

saturated fatty acids cov qauv
saturated fatty acids cov qauv

Ntau tau sau txog cov khoom ntawm txhua tus, thiab ntseeg tau tias thawj tus yog cov rog rog, tab sis qhov thib ob tsis yog. Nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm kom paub meej qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis ncaj ncees lossis tsis lees paub nws. Tej yam ntuj tso yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus txiv neej. Hauv lwm lo lus, cia peb sim xyuas seb qhov txiaj ntsig yog dab tsi thiab puas muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev noj cov roj fatty acids.

Txhim kho cov tshuaj formula

Yog hais tias mus txog ntawm lawv cov qauv molecular, ces cov kauj ruam yog yuav tig mus rau kev tshawb fawb pab. Ua ntej, nco ntsoov chemistry, peb nco ntsoov tias fatty acids yog inherently hydrocarbon tebchaw, thiab lawv cov qauv atomic yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug saw. Qhov thib ob yog tias carbon atoms yog tetravalent. Thiab thaum kawg ntawm cov saw hlau, lawv txuas nrog peb cov khoom ntawm hydrogen thiab ib qho carbon. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lawv yog surrounded los ntawm ob atoms ntawm carbon thiab hydrogen. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov saw hlau tau sau tag nrho - tsis muaj peev xwm txuas yam tsawg kawg ib qho ntxiv hydrogen.

saturated fatty acids formula yog
saturated fatty acids formula yog

Saturated fatty acids yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws sawv cev los ntawm cov mis. Cov no yog cov khoom uas nws cov molecules yog cov saw hlau, hauv lawv cov qauv tshuaj lawv yooj yim dua li lwm cov rog thiab muaj ib khub ntawm carbon atoms. Lawv tau txais lawv lub npe nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug system ntawm saturated hydrocarbons nrog ib tug tej yam saw ntev. General formula:

CH3-(CH2)n-COOH

Qee yam khoom ntawm cov tebchaw no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov taw qhia xws li lub ntsiab lus melting. Lawv kuj tau muab faib ua hom: siab molecular hnyav thiab qis molecular hnyav. Cov qub muaj cov khoom sib xws, cov tom kawg yog kua, qhov siab dua cov molar loj, qhov kub ntawm qhov lawv yaj ntau dua.

Saturated fatty acids tseem hu ua monobasic, vim qhov tseeb tias hauv lawv cov qauv tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms uas nyob ib sab. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias lawv cov reactivity txo - nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tib neeg lub cev los rhuav tshem lawv, thiab cov txheej txheem no, raws li, yuav siv sij hawm ntau zog.

Ntse

Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tej zaum lub npe nrov tshaj plaws saturated fatty acid yog palmitic, lossis raws li nws tseem hu ua, hexadecanoic. Nws molecule muaj 16 atomscarbon (C16:0) thiab tsis yog ib daim ntawv cog lus ob. Txog 30-35 feem pua ntawm nws muaj nyob hauv tib neeg lipids. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub uas muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob. Nws kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov rog ntawm ntau yam tsiaj thiab ntau cov nroj tsuag, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov txiv maj phaub tsis zoo.

saturated fatty acid yog
saturated fatty acid yog

Stearic thiab arachidic saturated fatty acids yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau cov pa roj carbon atoms, cov qauv uas muaj xws li 18 thiab 20, feem. Arachinic, los yog - raws li nws lub npe systematic - eicosan, muaj nyob rau hauv butter thiab txiv laum huab xeeb.

Tag nrho cov tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj macromolecular thiab muaj zog hauv lawv qhov sib xws.

"nplua nuj" zaub mov

Hnub no nyuaj rau xav txog lub chav ua noj niaj hnub tsis muaj lawv. Txwv fatty acids muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov tsiaj thiab zaub keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, sib piv lawv cov ntsiab lus hauv ob pawg, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thawj zaug lawv feem pua tau siab dua hauv qhov thib ob.

saturated fatty acids
saturated fatty acids

Daim ntawv teev cov khoom noj uas muaj roj saturated muaj tag nrho cov khoom noj nqaij: nqaij npuas, nqaij nyuj, yaj thiab ntau hom nqaij qaib. Cov pab pawg ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj kuj tuaj yeem khav ntawm lawv qhov muaj: ice cream, qaub cream, butter, thiab mis nyuj nws tus kheej kuj tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi ntawm no. Tsis tas li, txwv cov rog muaj nyob hauv qee hom roj zaub:xibtes thiab txiv maj phaub.

me ntsis txog cov khoom cuav

Pab pawg ntawm cov roj ntsha saturated fatty acids kuj suav nrog xws li "kev ua tiav" ntawm kev lag luam khoom noj niaj hnub no ua cov rog rog. Lawv tau txais los ntawm hydrogenation ntawm zaub roj. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem yog cov kua zaub roj nyob rau hauv lub siab thiab kub txog li 200 degrees yog raug rau cov nquag nquag ntawm hydrogen gas. Yog li ntawd, ib yam khoom tshiab tau txais - hydrogenated, muaj ib hom distorted ntawm molecular qauv. Tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm hom no hauv ib puag ncig ntuj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no tsis yog xav kom muaj txiaj ntsig rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho, tab sis yog tsav los ntawm kev xav kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam "kev yooj yim" uas txhim kho saj, nrog kev ntxhib los mos thiab lub neej ntev.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj fatty acids hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev

Kev ua haujlwm lom neeg rau cov khoom sib txuas no yog muab lub cev nrog lub zog. Lawv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog cov khoom siv raw siv los ntawm lub cev los tsim cov cell membranes, nrog rau cov khoom siv roj ntsha uas nquag koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav hauv xyoo tas los no. Saturated fatty acids koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, nqus cov vitamins thiab ntau yam kab kawm. Txo lawv cov kev noj haus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus txiv neej txoj kev noj qab haus huv, vim tias lawv koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov testosterone.

saturated fatty acids
saturated fatty acids

Pab los yogkev mob ntawm saturated fat

Cov lus nug ntawm lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj tseem qhib, txij li tsis muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob tau raug txheeb xyuas. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev xav tias kev noj ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob txaus ntshai.

Yuav hais li cas rau kev tiv thaiv fatty acids

Tau ntev heev, cov khoom noj saturated tau "sib liam ntawm kev koom tes" hauv kev nce qib ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) phem hauv cov ntshav. Niaj hnub nimno dietology pom zoo rau lawv los ntawm kev tsim kom muaj lub xub ntiag ntawm palmitic acid nyob rau hauv cov nqaij thiab stearic acid nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj siv mis nyuj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tsis nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev muaj feem xyuam rau qhov taw qhia ntawm "phem" cholesterol. Carbohydrates tau lees paub tias yog qhov ua txhaum rau nws qhov nce. Tsuav lawv cov ntsiab lus tsawg, cov roj fatty acids tsis muaj teeb meem.

Nws kuj tau pom tias txo qis kev noj zaub mov kom tsawg thaum nce cov khoom noj "saturated" noj txawm tias ua rau qee qhov nce qib "zoo" cholesterol, uas qhia txog lawv cov txiaj ntsig.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ntawm no hais tias ntawm ib theem ntawm ib tug neeg lub neej, hom saturated fatty acids no tsuas yog tsim nyog. Nws paub tias niam cov kua mis yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lawv thiab yog tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus rau cov menyuam mos. Yog li ntawd, rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, kev siv cov khoom no tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig.

Yuav ua li cas lawv tuaj yeem ua mob

Yog tias txhua hnub noj cov carbohydrates ntau dua 4 grams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav, ces koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam seb cov roj ntsha saturated fatty acids tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Piv txwvKev lees paub qhov tseeb: palmitic, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov nqaij, provokes ib tug txo nyob rau hauv insulin kev ua, stearic, tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj siv mis nyuj, nquag pab mus tsim cov subcutaneous rog deposits thiab tsis zoo rau cov hlab plawv system..

saturated fatty acids raug mob
saturated fatty acids raug mob

Ntawm no peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias kev noj zaub mov ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau "saturated" cov zaub mov tsis zoo.

Kev noj qab haus huv zoo

Piav "naturally generated" saturated fatty acids, qhov teeb meem uas tsis tau muaj pov thawj, ib tug yuav tsum nco ntsoov txog dag - hydrogenated, tau los ntawm yuam saturation ntawm zaub roj nrog hydrogen.

saturated fatty acids piv txwv
saturated fatty acids piv txwv

Qhov no yuav tsum suav nrog margarine, uas, feem ntau vim nws tus nqi qis, yog nquag siv: hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom qab zib, ntau yam khoom ua tiav thiab hauv cov chaw ua noj ua haus. Kev siv cov khoom no thiab nws cov derivatives tsis coj ib yam dab tsi zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws provokes tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob loj xws li ntshav qab zib, mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob plawv, hlab ntsha txhaws.

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